Oranges are often treated with chemical pesticides to manage pests and diseases, which can be expensive and lead to resistance over time. To address this issue, the author has researched and personally developed practical, cost-effective methods that help farmers control citrus pests and diseases in a more sustainable way. Below are the detailed techniques used.
1. **Plant Ash for Leaf Miner Control**
At the early stage of new shoot growth, when the shoots reach about 3 cm in length, sprinkle plant ash on the leaves every 5–7 days for 5–6 times. Make sure to reapply after rain or irrigation. It is best to apply the ash in the morning before dew dries or immediately after watering. The ash should remain on the leaves throughout the growing period until the leaves mature. This method works well in greenhouses, open fields, young orange orchards, and potted ornamental citrus trees to control leaf miners effectively.
2. **Lime Water for Canker Disease Control**
Prepare lime water by mixing fresh slaked lime powder with water (1:4 ratio), then filter the mixture. Dilute it to 5% concentration to treat citrus canker. Apply the solution around 20 days before each new shoot emerges, then again every 10–15 days once the shoots reach 5 cm in length and when fruits grow to 3 cm in diameter. After harvesting, spray once during garden cleaning. Ensure even coverage over the entire tree to prevent disease spread and reduce damage to leaves, fruits, and branches. Spraying 5% lime water during the fruit development stage also helps protect against sunburn and improves fruit quality.
3. **Water Washing for Red Spider Mite Control**
Use a high-pressure hose or sprayer to wash the canopy of citrus trees. Attach a nozzle that creates a strong jet of water to effectively remove spider mites, scale insects, and aphids from the leaves. This method reduces pest population, removes dust, enhances photosynthesis, and helps prevent sunburn. However, avoid spraying during flowering periods. It is most effective during the new shoot and fruit-setting stages, especially between July and October. Use clean, uncontaminated water and apply before 10 a.m. in summer to avoid leaf damage.
4. **Gasoline Injection for Beetle Larvae Control**
For beetle infestations, use a wire to remove larvae from their burrows, then inject 70# or 90# gasoline into the holes using a medical syringe. Seal the hole with yellow mud to prevent evaporation and ensure the gasoline remains effective. The recommended dose varies depending on the larval stage: 2 ml for first instar, 4 ml for second, and 6 ml for mature larvae. This method is particularly useful for controlling longhorn beetles.
5. **Tobacco Bone Urine Solution for Aphid and Wart Control**
Soak 0.5 kg of tobacco bones (leaves, stems, petioles, veins) in 2.5 kg of human urine for 8 days, then filter and dilute with 25 kg of water. This solution can be used to control aphids and citrus warts. For better results, add 0.1% detergent or 0.4% urea during application. This natural remedy offers an eco-friendly alternative to chemical insecticides.
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