The reproductive cycle of female rabbits consists of three key stages: the non-breeding (or empty) period, pregnancy, and lactation. To maximize reproductive success, breeders must implement tailored management practices that align with each phase of the rabbit’s physiological condition.
During the non-breeding period, which typically follows weaning, the primary goal is to restore the female’s physical condition after the energy-intensive lactation phase. This involves providing balanced nutrition to replenish nutrients lost during nursing and prepare the rabbit for the next breeding cycle. However, it's crucial not to overfeed, as excessive fat accumulation around the ovaries can impair egg development and lead to infertility. Conversely, if a rabbit is too thin, it may affect the pituitary gland’s function, also resulting in reproductive issues. Therefore, maintaining an ideal body condition is essential. Adjustments in feeding and rest periods should be made based on the rabbit’s weight and overall health.
In the pregnancy stage, proper feeding and care significantly influence fetal development, litter size, birth weight, and milk production. Nutrition should be rich in protein, minerals, and vitamins, especially for younger females who are still growing. The nutritional needs of pregnant does increase by about 50% compared to normal levels. Feeding strategies should be adjusted based on the rabbit’s body condition. A well-nourished doe may not need extra feed before delivery, while a thinner one might require increased rations to support both her and the developing kits. It’s also important to avoid stressors such as sudden noises, cold drafts, or overcrowding, as these can cause miscarriage, particularly between days 15 and 25 of gestation. Isolating pregnant does in individual cages can help reduce stress and prevent complications.
As labor approaches, it's common for the doe to pull hair from her chest and abdomen, which helps stimulate milk production. If this doesn’t happen naturally, the breeder should gently remove some fur and place it in the nest. Clean water and easily digestible food should be available at this time to support the mother’s energy needs.
After giving birth, the focus shifts to postnatal care. The newborn kits should be carefully checked, weighed, and returned to the nest. The nest box should be cleaned regularly, replacing soiled materials with fresh, soft bedding. Ensuring the mother has access to clean, warm water and high-protein feed is vital for milk production.
During lactation, the main objective is to maintain the health of both the mother and her offspring. Lactation demands significant energy, so feed should be rich in crude protein (around 17%) and include plenty of green and juicy feeds. It’s also important to monitor for signs of mastitis, which can be prevented by adding small amounts of long-acting sulfathiazole and baking soda to the feed or water. Hygiene, ventilation, and a calm environment are critical during this time.
If a doe produces too much milk, reducing the amount of concentrated feed and increasing hay intake can help regulate milk supply. Cold compresses may be used if the udder becomes overly full. On the other hand, if milk production is low, adding lysine-rich feeds like soybean meal or fish meal can improve lactation. Regular monitoring and timely adjustments ensure optimal performance throughout the entire reproductive cycle.
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