Plastic film mulching has become a widely adopted agricultural practice that extends the growing season, enhances soil temperature, and boosts crop yields, making it popular among farmers. However, traditional plastic films are highly stable and do not break down naturally. After the planting period, they must be manually removed, which is labor-intensive. If not fully cleared, leftover fragments can lead to "white pollution," negatively affecting the environment and limiting the broader use of this technique.
One promising solution is biodegradable agricultural film, an eco-friendly alternative designed to decompose under natural conditions. Exposed to sunlight, moisture, and temperature changes, these films begin to degrade within 26 to 40 days and significantly break down by day 35 to 50. The degradation rate depends on environmental factors and material composition, ensuring that the film does not remain in the soil. When used for early corn planting—typically 10 to 20 days before sowing—it can increase yields by up to 30%. More importantly, it eliminates the need for manual removal, reducing labor costs and preventing pollution.
Biodegradable films are suitable for a wide range of crops, including corn, soybeans, melons, and various vegetables. This versatility makes them a practical choice for different farming systems and regions. Although the initial cost of biodegradable films is estimated to be 8 to 10% higher than conventional films, the savings from not having to remove and dispose of the plastic offset this expense. As a result, the overall cost becomes comparable. Beyond economic benefits, biodegradable films offer long-term environmental advantages by preventing soil contamination and ensuring sustainable farming practices for future generations.
The technology includes several key components: different types of degradable films tailored for specific crops, advanced coating techniques that enhance performance, and specialized cultivation methods for crops like corn that benefit from film coverage. These innovations help farmers transition smoothly to more sustainable practices without compromising productivity or efficiency.
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