Ecological chicken farming involves raising chickens in a natural environment to restore the original quality of both the birds and their eggs. This method has gained popularity among health-conscious consumers, and when combined with eco-tourism, it can open up even greater market opportunities.
1. **Selecting the Right Breed**
It is best to use native chicken breeds for ecological farming. These local varieties are known for their small size, adaptability, resilience to harsh conditions, and strong immunity. They thrive on roughage and are well-suited for free-range systems.
2. **Building a Chicken Shed**
A secure chicken shed is essential for shelter at night. The location should be elevated, sunny, and have an open view with no nearby water sources. The structure can be made of bricks or wood, but it must be sturdy and weatherproof. Windows should be covered with wire mesh to prevent pests, and the entrance should be tightly sealed. The floor should be compacted and can be made of soil or cement, with 5-10 cm of sawdust or bedding for comfort.
3. **Improving the Environment**
In areas like barren hills or forests, wild animals and birds may pose a threat. To protect the flock, install 1.5-2 meter high fences or plant dense hedges using climbing plants such as gourds, beans, and pumpkins. Adding thorny shrubs like artichokes or wild jujubes can also serve as effective barriers. Keep the area within a 50-meter radius for better control.
4. **Training the Chickens**
During the early stages, feed chicks with chopped vegetables or wild greens to help them develop the ability to eat roughage. After four weeks, gradually introduce them to outdoor time when the weather is mild. With consistent training, expand their range and activity time until they roam freely. Feed them less in the morning and more in the evening to encourage foraging behavior.
To train free-range chickens to return to the shed for feeding and watering, farmers often use sounds like whistles or tapping bowls, paired with food to create conditioned responses.
5. **Disease Prevention**
Although these chickens are exposed to fresh air and eat natural foods, they are still vulnerable to diseases. Vaccinate them on time, and keep same-age chickens together in the same space. This reduces the need for medication. Parasites, especially mites and ticks, are common in the wild. Apply insecticides one month after stocking, then every 2-4 weeks thereafter.
6. **Flock Management**
Group management helps achieve uniform weight. Male chickens should be sold at the right time, while hens are kept for egg production. As the flock matures, limit their range and set up nesting boxes under the pergola. Place "pilot eggs" in the nests to encourage hens to lay there. Encourage them to return to the shed for laying.
To enhance meat quality, improve flavor, and increase weight, male chickens raised in groups should be properly fattened after 10 weeks. Reduce their activity, increase energy-rich feed, and feed them more frequently. Regular patrols are necessary to monitor the flock, isolate weak birds, and protect against predators.
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