Feeding Management Techniques for Winter Cows

Cows have a certain level of resistance to both cold and heat, but they still have temperature limits. The ideal temperature for dairy cows is between 12°C and 14°C, while pregnant and lactating cows prefer a slightly warmer range of 16°C to 20°C. Lactating cows are more sensitive to temperature changes—when the temperature exceeds 24°C or drops below -4°C, milk production tends to decrease significantly. Calves, on the other hand, require a much warmer environment, with an optimal temperature range of 35°C to 38°C. Proper management of cowshed density is crucial. Once all cows are in the pens, good ventilation must be maintained, and humidity should not exceed 55%. High humidity can cause discomfort and stress to the animals, which may reduce milk yield. In severe cases, it can also lead to fungal infections, making it important to keep the environment dry and well-ventilated. Water temperature plays a key role in maintaining milk production. For lactating dairy cows, water that is too cold (below 8°C) can lower milk output because the cow uses body heat to warm the water. During winter, it's recommended that cows drink water at temperatures between 9°C and 15°C. Studies show that cows drinking water at 0°C to 2°C can increase milk production by about 8.7%, producing an additional 0.57 liters per day. In addition, feeding hot porridge around 38°C during cold months can improve cold resistance and boost milk yield by up to 10%. For cows that have just given birth and are dehydrated, offering warm bran water (1–2°C above body temperature) helps replenish fluids and provide warmth. For calves, their drinking water should be slightly warmer than for adult cattle, ideally around 35°C to 38°C. When bottle-feeding calves, milk should be heated and sterilized, then cooled to 35°C to 37°C before feeding. Both excessively hot and cold milk can harm their health. During winter, feed diversity is essential. Farmers should adjust feed ratios, increasing energy-rich feeds like corn by 20% to 50% while keeping protein levels stable. Silage, micro-feed, or brewer’s grains are better choices for roughage compared to fresh green feeds, which are more common in summer. A well-managed dairy cow is often described as "summer with spring, winter with autumn," meaning that breeding during winter ensures calving in spring, avoiding the stress of hot summers and supporting higher milk yields. Therefore, farmers should take advantage of the winter season to focus on breeding, improve pregnancy rates, and ensure healthy calf development. Finally, brushing the cow’s body regularly not only keeps them clean but also improves blood circulation, aids in temperature regulation, and boosts immunity. It is recommended to brush cows twice daily—morning and evening—for 3 to 6 minutes each time, ensuring all areas are covered without missing any spots.

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Micro mini camera is a product of modern high-tech, also known as micro monitor. It has the characteristics of small size, powerful function and good concealment.
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In 1991, the world's first camera (called CoffeeCam) first appeared in the Trojan room coffee pot at the University of Cambridge, UK.
The oldest camera, FogCam of San Francisco State University, has been used since 1994
In 1996, AXIS Communications published the first IP Camera using Internet architecture as the basis for signal transmission.
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