In the spring of this year, a widespread issue of garlic leaf tip drying has emerged, significantly reducing yields and affecting the market value of garlic sprouts. This problem has also impacted the profitability of garlic farming. According to Liu Guangqin, an associate researcher at the Vegetable Research Institute of the Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, early preventive measures during sowing are essential to avoid such issues.
Garlic leaf tip drying can be caused by multiple factors, including root rot, leaf spot, and herbicide damage. The occurrence of this condition varies depending on the growth stage. During the seedling stage (around October) and the regreening phase (March of the following year), garlic is particularly susceptible to tip drying. In the seedling stage, the issue is often due to physiological stress, especially when winter temperatures are unusually high, combined with mulching practices. High temperatures under the plastic film can burn the garlic roots and root neck, blocking nutrient absorption and leading to dry, dead leaf tips.
During the regreening period in early spring, tip drying is primarily linked to root rot. This condition is typically caused by bacterial infections. Once infected, the primary roots begin to rot from the tip toward the base, followed by secondary roots. In some cases, the entire bulb becomes affected, emitting a foul odor that attracts pests and pathogens. Infected plants show yellowing leaves, soft rot along the leaf veins, stunted growth, and in severe cases, plant death.
The recent outbreak of garlic tip drying is partly due to insufficient soil disinfection after previous garlic harvests. Over time, root rot bacteria have accumulated in the soil, leading to severe root damage and above-ground leaf tip drying. To prevent this issue, it's crucial to sterilize the soil before planting garlic. A month before sowing in September, the soil should be plowed to a depth of at least 20 cm. Applying lime, biological agents, or carbendazim can help disinfect the soil effectively.
For seed treatment, garlic seeds can be coated with 77% thiram wettable powder. Mix 8 kg of water with 100 kg of garlic seeds and spray evenly, then dry them before planting. Alternatively, copper-based preparations like copper oxide can be used for coating. If root rot occurs during the growing season, apply a 20% copper suspension concentrate at 30 grams per liter, or 40% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid wettable powder at 30-60 grams per 50 liters of water every 30 days through spraying or irrigation. Repeat this process two to three times for effective control. Severely affected or dead plants should be removed promptly to prevent further spread.
Additionally, crop rotation with rice can help reduce the risk of soil-borne diseases like root rot. These integrated management strategies are vital for maintaining healthy garlic crops and ensuring long-term productivity.
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