In the spring of this year, a widespread issue of garlic leaf tip drying has emerged, leading to reduced yields and affecting the market price of garlic sprouts. This has also diminished the profitability of garlic farming. According to Liu Guangqin, an associate researcher at the Vegetable Research Institute of the Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, early prevention and control measures are essential from the very beginning of sowing.
It has been identified that garlic leaf tip drying is caused by various factors such as root rot, leaf spot disease, and herbicide damage. The occurrence of this issue varies depending on the growth stage. During the seedling period (October) and the green-up phase (March of the following year), garlic plants are particularly prone to tip drying. In the seedling stage, the problem is mainly physiological, often linked to high winter temperatures combined with mulching practices. The heat under the plastic film can burn the garlic roots and root neck, blocking nutrient absorption and resulting in dry, dead leaf tips.
In early spring, when garlic returns to the green stage, tip drying is typically caused by root rot. Root rot is primarily due to bacterial infections. Once infected, the primary roots begin to rot from the tip towards the base, followed by the decay of secondary roots. In some cases, the entire garlic bulb and its mother plant may rot, emitting a foul odor that attracts pests and pathogens. Affected plants show yellowing leaves, soft rot along the leaf veins from the tip, stunted growth, and unbalanced development. In severe cases, the plants may die.
The widespread occurrence of garlic tip drying this spring is closely related to the lack of proper soil disinfection after garlic harvesting in local areas. Over time, root rot bacteria have accumulated in the soil, causing severe root rot and ultimately leading to leaf tip drying. To prevent this issue, it's crucial to disinfect the soil before planting garlic. Typically, one month before sowing in September, the soil should be plowed to a depth of at least 20 cm. Farmers can then apply lime, biological agents, or carbendazim for soil sterilization.
For seed treatment, garlic seeds can be dressed with 77% Dithane wettable powder at a rate of 8 kg per 100 kg of garlic, mixed with water and evenly sprayed. After drying, the seeds can be soaked. Alternatively, copper-based preparations like copper oxide can be used for seed dressing. If root rot occurs during the growing season, farmers can spray or drench the plants every 30 days using 30 grams of 20% copper oxychloride suspension per liter of water, or 30–60 grams of 40% chlorobromoisocyanuric acid wettable powder per 50 liters of water. It's recommended to repeat this process every five days for two to three times. Severely affected or dead plants should be removed promptly to prevent further spread.
Additionally, crop rotation with rice can help reduce the occurrence of root rot and other soil-borne diseases, ensuring healthier garlic growth in the long term.
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