"The crop is a branch of a flower, and it depends entirely on fat." This phrase also applies to citrus production. In the event of a fertilizer shortage, the plants have poor growth and low yields; however, if the fertilization is too much, not only the waste of fertilizers will increase the production cost, but also it will cause serious damage to the plants and deteriorate the soil environment. The following are some of the fertilization techniques that the author has summarized:
1. Looking at the varieties of fertilized citrus varieties, there is also a difference in the demand for fertilizers. Generally, late-maturing varieties need larger amounts of fertilizer than early-maturing varieties. Navel oranges and other flowering varieties need more fertilizer than other sweet oranges, because flowering consumes a lot of nutrients. At present, most of the citrus grown in China is a grafted tree. Therefore, when fertilizing, it is not only necessary to look at the grafted varieties but also the rootstocks. Usually, the calorie orange of the anvil anvil needs a larger amount of fertilizer than the dwarf anvil because of the use of the anvil. The varieties grow fast and require more nutrition.
2. Looking at climate factors such as fertilization rainfall, temperature, light, etc., not only directly affects the function of citrus roots to absorb nutrients, but also has an impact on the decomposition of soil organic matter, the transformation of nutrient form, and the activity of soil microorganisms. Therefore, it is recommended to look at the weather and fertilization. In the rainy days, no fertilizer is applied. When the soil is wet after the rain, the compound fertilizer is applied. Not only is the fertilizer easy to dissolve, it facilitates root absorption, and it also saves labor. High temperature and drought combined with anti-drought water poured livestock manure water, chemical fertilizer, should not be dry. The application of citrus leaf foliar fertilizer such as 0.3% urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is good for cloudy or late evening spray.
3. See fertilization during the first and second physiological fruit drop before the citrus fruit can increase the fruit setting rate. The spring shoots are both the result and the result. The shoot germinating fertilizer can promote the spring shoots to increase the yield; the autumn shoots are the result of the mother shoots. Before the hair shoots, the seedlings can be used to promote the shoot fertilizer, which is beneficial to the increase of the output in the coming year. For the trees that have been produced, the summer shoots will produce fertilizers and increase fruit weight. Therefore, the summer shoots will not be fertilized before or after the hair has been pumped.
4. See Soil Fertilization China's citrus is mainly cultivated in red soil and purple soil. Red soil is sticky, sour and lean. It will not only lack phosphorus and zinc but also lack boron, magnesium and calcium, and should be supplemented accordingly. Because of its strong acidity and high activity of manganese, it should prevent the damage caused by excessive manganese to the tree. . The content of organic matter and nitrogen in purple soil is low, and the content of phosphorus and potassium is high. Organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer should be added. Different soil pH, there are differences in fertilization. For acid soils in red soil, lime is added to increase the pH of the soil. Phosphor fertilizers are used for calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers. On alkaline purple soils with a pH greater than 7.5, the citrus roots of sorghum anvil are prone to iron deficiency and cause the leaves to yellow. Instead of using Ziyang orange or red tangerine as rootstock, more organic fertilizer should be applied and Zhilvling should be applied. Phosphate fertilizer should be applied to calcium superphosphate.
5. Looking at the ages of fertilized citrus trees for different tree ages, the types and amounts of fertilizers required are also different, especially for trees with unsuccessful young trees and adult trees.
1 Unsuccessful young trees: The purpose of fertilizing is to accelerate the vegetative growth of plants so that they can form the crown as soon as possible. Therefore, the main application of nitrogen fertilizer is to use appropriate amounts of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. In the first year after planting, 300 grams of urea are applied, 1 kg of ternary compound fertilizer containing 15% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and 60%-80% of fertilizer application in the second year, and 80% more in the third year. 100%. The ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O) is 1:0.3:0.5. The fertilization time is in the growing season of March to September, and it is best to apply it once a month. It is appropriate to apply more for the four months of May, June, July and September in the active season of the root system, and to apply it in the other three months. In addition, urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution having a concentration of 0.3% to 0.4% is sprayed on the leaves at the time of shoot tipping or leaf turning at each time of the shoot for 3 to 4 times, so that laborers can combine pest control.
2 adult tree: The purpose of fertilization is to make the plant both grow and result. Comprehensive studies have confirmed that the production of 2,000 kilograms of fruit per mu requires a total of 12 kg, 4.8 kg, and 9.6 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively, into urea (46% nitrogen), and superphosphate (phosphorus 20). %) and potassium sulfate (containing 50% potassium) were 26.1 kg, 24 kg and 19.2 kg, respectively. If compound fertilizer is used, the amount of compound fertilizer should be calculated according to the recommended minimum amount of fertilizer, and then the other two kinds of fertilizers should be added. For example, in the present production, especially for a piece of citrus which is commonly used as a ternary compound fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents of 15% each, the amount of this compound fertilizer should be: (4.815) 100 = 32 kg, also That is, the amounts of nitrogen, phosphorous pentoxide, and potassium oxide were respectively 4.8 kg. The calculation formula for nitrogen and potassium simple fertilizers is: (Recommended fertilizer amount - applied fertilizer amount) The effective content of chemical fertilizers to be applied is equal to the amount of fertilizing material. According to the above recommended dosage, 7.2 kg of nitrogen and 4.8 kg of potassium oxide should also be added. If the urea and potassium sulfate are converted, 15.7 kg and 9.6 kg should be added respectively.
The fertilization is divided into 4 times in the whole year: the germinating fertilizer (spring fertilizer) is applied 1 to 2 weeks before germination or when the spring shoot turns green, and the available nitrogen fertilizer (such as urea) is dominant; the stable fruit fertilizer is after the first physiological fruit drop. Before and after the application in late May, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are applied in combination; Potassium is the main fertilizer for promoting fruit growth, and nitrogen and phosphorus are used in the middle and late August; The varieties were applied post-harvest, medium-maturing and late-maturing varieties were advanced to pre-harvest application. The fertilizers were manure, cake fertilizer, green manure and other organic fertilizers and superphosphate, and were combined with available nitrogen fertilizer. The above four fertilization amounts accounted for 10%, 20%, 40% and 30% of the annual fertilization amount. Like saplings, foliar fertilization takes place during spring and autumn shoots.
6. Look at the tree vigor and fertilize the tree that grows weaker and weaker (pay attention to a small number of times), and if it grows weak, it will not be applied or applied less; For the lack of management of "small old trees", that is, growing trees, in order to promote its growth, we must apply more nitrogen fertilizer, and use a small number of fertilization methods.
7. Looking at fertilizers Fertilizers vary in the timing and method of application of different fertilizers, and their effects are quite different. General requirements for early application of basal fertilizer, deep application (ditching application), phosphate fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer application (covering soil after digging in summer and autumn), acidic fertilizer applied on alkaline soil, alkaline fertilizer applied on the acid soil.
Farmyard fertilizers are usually slow in fertilizer efficiency. To accelerate their decomposition and increase fertilizer efficiency, calcium superphosphate can be added to human waste. 100 kg of human excreta and 5 kg of superphosphate are evenly mixed and stored for 5 to 10 days so that ammonium carbonate, which is easily used in human excreta, can be converted into stable ammonium phosphate, which effectively prevents the loss of nitrogen and increases human excrement. Phosphorus in the element.
8. See technical fertilization See technical fertilization refers to the use of other technical measures taken by citrus fertilization, the effect is more effective. For example, after the citrus tree has repeatedly wiped off sporadic shoots, applying the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer 7 to 10 days before the concentrated shoots can make shoots neat and robust, and escape from the damage of leaf miners; trees before they are put into production, etc. The phenomenon of prolonged emergence of shoots often occurs, which is not conducive to flower bud differentiation and leap year results. Usually, the flowering techniques of spraying paclobutrazol (PP333), circumcision, and pull-pulling hanging branches are adopted. At this time, stopping the supply of fertilizer and water is more conducive to the formation of flower buds.
Mobile Halogen Operating Lamp with extraordinary design, equipped with hanging arms(custom) and six universal joints, position good and stable, can satisfy various needed height and angle in the operation. The operating lamp with perfect safely and emergency performance. According to the principles of aerodynamics designed full close streamline lamp head and Convex combination lamp panel, completely meets the demand of the sterilization and high standard of laminar flow purification in the operation room.
Mobile Halogen Operating Lamp
Mobile Halogen Operating Lamp,Mobile Ceiling Ot Light,Mobile Operating Room Lamp,Mobile Surgical Room Lamp
Shandong Lewin Medical Equipment Co., Ltd. , https://www.operatinglight.nl