Rex Rabbit, a scientific name rabbit, is a typical skin rabbit. Because its fur is soft and dense, resembling a otter, it is commonly known as Rex Rabbit in our country. With the improvement of people's living standards and the increase of awareness of wildlife protection, Rex rabbit skin has become a high-grade suede material that replaces wild animal hides and has high economic value. At present, the price of first-class cooked skin is 60-70 yuan per sheet, 40-50 yuan for second-class cooked skin, and 20- 30 yuan for third-class cooked skin. The international fur market has great demand for high-quality rex rabbits, especially in markets such as the United States, Japan, Europe and Hong Kong and Macau. China's rabbit breeding has covered most of the country's provinces and cities, Rex rabbit fur products have entered the international market, creating a lot of foreign exchange for the country.
The purpose of feeding rabbits is to produce high quality rabbit skin while producing rabbit meat. After experiencing high prices from the peak of 2004 to early 2005, the price of rabbit skins fell from wave to wave in 2005-2006, and the recent market price has fallen by 15%-20% compared with the same period in 2004. While prices are falling, the quality requirements are tightening. The basic trend of the current market is: a special grade of leather is still well-selling, the middle of the skin appears to be slow-moving, no one cares about the lower level of the third-grade leather. Recently, many rabbit farms produce only 60% to 70% of hides, and the rest are “defectives†and cause pressure storage. It can be seen that due to the maturity of the market and the development of the industry, people have made higher demands on the quality of Rex Rabbit fur. The quality Rex rabbit skin is basically in short supply, while the market for low-quality hides is shrinking and the fur quality has become the development of Rex Rabbit Industry. bottleneck". This article reviews and analyzes the factors affecting the quality of Rex rabbit fur and measures for improvement, for the reference of the majority of rex rabbit breeders and scientists.
Factors affecting the quality of Rex rabbit fur There are many factors affecting rex rabbit fur quality, including breed, nutrition and feed, disease prevention, slaughter and debarking, and processing methods.
Variety selection Breeding factors are the key to determining fur quality. If the breed is not pure, the breed is degenerate or the body shape becomes small, it will directly affect the color of the fur, lose the original color characteristics, there is a mixture of hair color, villi is sparse, the density is reduced, the flatness is poor, the area of ​​the skin is small, etc. Rex rabbit fur quality does not meet the requirements. According to general rules, the rex rabbit has a large body shape, large area of ​​fur, and high commodity value. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the breeding and breeding of rabbit breeds. We must strictly eliminate rabbits that do not meet the standard of breeding rabbits and breed high-quality core rabbit breeds to effectively improve the quality of rabbit fur.
Nutrition and feed nutrition and feed have a great influence on the quality of fur. If the long-term nutrition level is low, the growth and development of rabbits will be hindered, the individuals will become smaller, and the area of ​​the skin will not conform to the grade. Among the nutritional factors, energy and protein in the diet are the main factors affecting the growth and fur quality of fur animals. According to reports, when the dietary digestibility energy was 10.88 MJ per kg, 18.5% crude protein, and 12% crude fiber, the rex rabbits grew faster and the fur quality was better. Studies have shown that low-energy high-protein diets (digestible energy of 10.97 MJ/kg, crude protein 18.98%) and high-energy and high-protein diets (digestion energy of 11.31 MJ per kg and crude protein of 19.36%) are conducive to improving the quality of rex rabbits' coats. . The lack of protein in feed, especially the deficiency of sulfur-containing amino acids, can lead to degeneration of hair quality, loose hairiness, decreased strength of wool fibers, and a significant increase in hair hair.
Studies have confirmed that the supplementation of sulphur-containing amino acids (methionine and cystine) in the diet of long-haired rabbits can significantly increase rabbit hair production (38.5%) and high quality hair ratio (19.9%). When a proper amount of methionine was added to the diet to increase the content of sulfur-containing amino acids to 0.70%, the amount of wool produced was significantly increased, and the quality of rabbit hair was also improved. However, the excessive addition of methionine (such as when dietary sulphur amino acids reach 0.96%) has a negative effect on hair production.
In addition, the lack of vitamins and trace elements often causes the coat to fade, become fragile, and even depilate. Biotin is an important water-soluble sulfur-containing vitamin that is widely involved in the body's metabolism; due to the low concentration of biotin in the natural world and limited bioavailability, deficiency and lack of biotin can also occur, resulting in disturbance of the body's metabolic function, resulting in retinal rabbit production performance The decline and the weakening of disease resistance, and lead to decline in fur quality.
Copper is a component of tyrosinase, copper deficiency causes the coat to fade. The bending of the hair is determined by the disulfide group in the hair protein, and the disulfide group determines the presence of copper in keratin protein synthesis. Copper deficiency affects the interconnection of various amino acids in the polypeptide chain during the synthesis of keratin, thus making the hair fiber. Abnormal changes occur, bending decreases, hair tension and elasticity weaken, reducing textile performance. Adding a certain percentage of copper to the diet can promote the growth of rabbit hair. The effect is significant when the amount of additive is 50 mg/kg; the effect on the thickness of the skin is significant when the added amount is 10 mg/kg. With the increase in the amount of supplementation, the thickness of the skin plate decreased, showing a dose effect. This may be related to the different amounts of copper applied to different tissues in rabbits.
Disease prevention If the cage is damp, the sanitary conditions are poor, and the rabbit body is not clean, the light will cause the rex rabbit fur to become dirty, and the most serious one will lead to various diseases. The occurrence of the disease not only adversely affects the health and growth of the rabbit, but also affects the quality of the fur. Some diseases may even directly cause damage to the skin and coat and reduce the quality of the fur, such as rickets, rabbit lice, aphids, dermatomycosis, subcutaneous abscesses, etc., which can make the rex fur uneven or cortical ulceration into a hole; Rex rabbit cortex is weak and boring, the skin is rough, soft, poor toughness, fur irritability, lack of luster, lost the value of the skin system.
Age and age have a great influence on the quality of fur. In general, the quality of adult rabbit skin is better than that of young rabbit skin. In the young rabbits before April, due to lack of fullness of the villi, the replacement of the fetal hairs was not complete, the quality of the plate was thin, and the product value was not high. 5-month-old to 6-month-old rabbits weighing 2.5 to 3 kilograms in body weight, dense villi, lustrous lustre, moderate plate thickness, skin removed to reach a skin area standard, and the highest skin quality at this time good. Aged rabbit skin has dry hair, poor wool fiber pull, dark color, hard and coarse plate quality, and low commercial value.
The effect of skin seasoning on young rabbits was not significant, but adult rabbits and older rabbits had the best quality of winter hides. The picking season is best selected at the end of the winter and early spring, from November to March of the following year. At this time, the rabbit skin has abundant fluff, good gloss and excellent plate quality. Because of the cold weather in winter, the rabbit fur is thick and long, the hair surface is neat, the color is lustrous, and the quality of the plate is thick. In spring, when the adult rabbits and the old rabbits change their hair, the rabbit fur is long and thin, and the underlying cashmere is sparse. The rough surface is not perfect.
The method of processing and storage should adopt the method of “peeling after skinning, peeling skin and then bleeding†to remove the skin. The specific method of operation is: After the rabbit has died of fainting with a rod or electric shock, the skin is peeled off into a flat leather tube facing outwards with a leather outward, and then the leather plate is pulled away from the ventral midline with a razor blade and is flattened on the cardboard. Put a small nail around the fur and let the fur dry. The overcast hair fur is paired with the skin, skin, head and tail, then a small bundle of every 10 skins and a large batch of 50 skins are placed into sacks, sprinkled with insect repellent and sealed.
During peeling, processing and storage, pay attention to the following issues: First, prevent the knife from injuring the skin and cause a hole during skinning; secondly, open the file along the ventral midline; otherwise, it will affect the specification of the skin type and reduce the area of ​​the skin; The grease on the skin must be scraped, especially the neck should be scraped, otherwise it will affect the elongation of the skin or the defects of the neck after drying. The fourth is to create the appropriate temperature and humidity conditions when drying, and it is best to use the blow drying. If using a heat source for drying, the temperature and humidity should not be too high. The optimum temperature is about 10°C. Relative humidity of 55% to 65%, otherwise it is easy to cause boring board and cause hair loss; Fifth, after the skin board is dried, it is properly sorted and packaged, and the dried skin is finished and packaged in time. The rabbit fur is applied to the quilt and the skin. The board stacks the layers of the board. Do not fold when sorting the packaging, and keep the skin flat. Sixth, during the storage process, check it regularly and keep it properly. Prevent the occurrence of old skin, smoked skin, moldy skin and stuffy skin.
The purpose of feeding rabbits is to produce high quality rabbit skin while producing rabbit meat. After experiencing high prices from the peak of 2004 to early 2005, the price of rabbit skins fell from wave to wave in 2005-2006, and the recent market price has fallen by 15%-20% compared with the same period in 2004. While prices are falling, the quality requirements are tightening. The basic trend of the current market is: a special grade of leather is still well-selling, the middle of the skin appears to be slow-moving, no one cares about the lower level of the third-grade leather. Recently, many rabbit farms produce only 60% to 70% of hides, and the rest are “defectives†and cause pressure storage. It can be seen that due to the maturity of the market and the development of the industry, people have made higher demands on the quality of Rex Rabbit fur. The quality Rex rabbit skin is basically in short supply, while the market for low-quality hides is shrinking and the fur quality has become the development of Rex Rabbit Industry. bottleneck". This article reviews and analyzes the factors affecting the quality of Rex rabbit fur and measures for improvement, for the reference of the majority of rex rabbit breeders and scientists.
Factors affecting the quality of Rex rabbit fur There are many factors affecting rex rabbit fur quality, including breed, nutrition and feed, disease prevention, slaughter and debarking, and processing methods.
Variety selection Breeding factors are the key to determining fur quality. If the breed is not pure, the breed is degenerate or the body shape becomes small, it will directly affect the color of the fur, lose the original color characteristics, there is a mixture of hair color, villi is sparse, the density is reduced, the flatness is poor, the area of ​​the skin is small, etc. Rex rabbit fur quality does not meet the requirements. According to general rules, the rex rabbit has a large body shape, large area of ​​fur, and high commodity value. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the breeding and breeding of rabbit breeds. We must strictly eliminate rabbits that do not meet the standard of breeding rabbits and breed high-quality core rabbit breeds to effectively improve the quality of rabbit fur.
Nutrition and feed nutrition and feed have a great influence on the quality of fur. If the long-term nutrition level is low, the growth and development of rabbits will be hindered, the individuals will become smaller, and the area of ​​the skin will not conform to the grade. Among the nutritional factors, energy and protein in the diet are the main factors affecting the growth and fur quality of fur animals. According to reports, when the dietary digestibility energy was 10.88 MJ per kg, 18.5% crude protein, and 12% crude fiber, the rex rabbits grew faster and the fur quality was better. Studies have shown that low-energy high-protein diets (digestible energy of 10.97 MJ/kg, crude protein 18.98%) and high-energy and high-protein diets (digestion energy of 11.31 MJ per kg and crude protein of 19.36%) are conducive to improving the quality of rex rabbits' coats. . The lack of protein in feed, especially the deficiency of sulfur-containing amino acids, can lead to degeneration of hair quality, loose hairiness, decreased strength of wool fibers, and a significant increase in hair hair.
Studies have confirmed that the supplementation of sulphur-containing amino acids (methionine and cystine) in the diet of long-haired rabbits can significantly increase rabbit hair production (38.5%) and high quality hair ratio (19.9%). When a proper amount of methionine was added to the diet to increase the content of sulfur-containing amino acids to 0.70%, the amount of wool produced was significantly increased, and the quality of rabbit hair was also improved. However, the excessive addition of methionine (such as when dietary sulphur amino acids reach 0.96%) has a negative effect on hair production.
In addition, the lack of vitamins and trace elements often causes the coat to fade, become fragile, and even depilate. Biotin is an important water-soluble sulfur-containing vitamin that is widely involved in the body's metabolism; due to the low concentration of biotin in the natural world and limited bioavailability, deficiency and lack of biotin can also occur, resulting in disturbance of the body's metabolic function, resulting in retinal rabbit production performance The decline and the weakening of disease resistance, and lead to decline in fur quality.
Copper is a component of tyrosinase, copper deficiency causes the coat to fade. The bending of the hair is determined by the disulfide group in the hair protein, and the disulfide group determines the presence of copper in keratin protein synthesis. Copper deficiency affects the interconnection of various amino acids in the polypeptide chain during the synthesis of keratin, thus making the hair fiber. Abnormal changes occur, bending decreases, hair tension and elasticity weaken, reducing textile performance. Adding a certain percentage of copper to the diet can promote the growth of rabbit hair. The effect is significant when the amount of additive is 50 mg/kg; the effect on the thickness of the skin is significant when the added amount is 10 mg/kg. With the increase in the amount of supplementation, the thickness of the skin plate decreased, showing a dose effect. This may be related to the different amounts of copper applied to different tissues in rabbits.
Disease prevention If the cage is damp, the sanitary conditions are poor, and the rabbit body is not clean, the light will cause the rex rabbit fur to become dirty, and the most serious one will lead to various diseases. The occurrence of the disease not only adversely affects the health and growth of the rabbit, but also affects the quality of the fur. Some diseases may even directly cause damage to the skin and coat and reduce the quality of the fur, such as rickets, rabbit lice, aphids, dermatomycosis, subcutaneous abscesses, etc., which can make the rex fur uneven or cortical ulceration into a hole; Rex rabbit cortex is weak and boring, the skin is rough, soft, poor toughness, fur irritability, lack of luster, lost the value of the skin system.
Age and age have a great influence on the quality of fur. In general, the quality of adult rabbit skin is better than that of young rabbit skin. In the young rabbits before April, due to lack of fullness of the villi, the replacement of the fetal hairs was not complete, the quality of the plate was thin, and the product value was not high. 5-month-old to 6-month-old rabbits weighing 2.5 to 3 kilograms in body weight, dense villi, lustrous lustre, moderate plate thickness, skin removed to reach a skin area standard, and the highest skin quality at this time good. Aged rabbit skin has dry hair, poor wool fiber pull, dark color, hard and coarse plate quality, and low commercial value.
The effect of skin seasoning on young rabbits was not significant, but adult rabbits and older rabbits had the best quality of winter hides. The picking season is best selected at the end of the winter and early spring, from November to March of the following year. At this time, the rabbit skin has abundant fluff, good gloss and excellent plate quality. Because of the cold weather in winter, the rabbit fur is thick and long, the hair surface is neat, the color is lustrous, and the quality of the plate is thick. In spring, when the adult rabbits and the old rabbits change their hair, the rabbit fur is long and thin, and the underlying cashmere is sparse. The rough surface is not perfect.
The method of processing and storage should adopt the method of “peeling after skinning, peeling skin and then bleeding†to remove the skin. The specific method of operation is: After the rabbit has died of fainting with a rod or electric shock, the skin is peeled off into a flat leather tube facing outwards with a leather outward, and then the leather plate is pulled away from the ventral midline with a razor blade and is flattened on the cardboard. Put a small nail around the fur and let the fur dry. The overcast hair fur is paired with the skin, skin, head and tail, then a small bundle of every 10 skins and a large batch of 50 skins are placed into sacks, sprinkled with insect repellent and sealed.
During peeling, processing and storage, pay attention to the following issues: First, prevent the knife from injuring the skin and cause a hole during skinning; secondly, open the file along the ventral midline; otherwise, it will affect the specification of the skin type and reduce the area of ​​the skin; The grease on the skin must be scraped, especially the neck should be scraped, otherwise it will affect the elongation of the skin or the defects of the neck after drying. The fourth is to create the appropriate temperature and humidity conditions when drying, and it is best to use the blow drying. If using a heat source for drying, the temperature and humidity should not be too high. The optimum temperature is about 10°C. Relative humidity of 55% to 65%, otherwise it is easy to cause boring board and cause hair loss; Fifth, after the skin board is dried, it is properly sorted and packaged, and the dried skin is finished and packaged in time. The rabbit fur is applied to the quilt and the skin. The board stacks the layers of the board. Do not fold when sorting the packaging, and keep the skin flat. Sixth, during the storage process, check it regularly and keep it properly. Prevent the occurrence of old skin, smoked skin, moldy skin and stuffy skin.
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