1. Fertilizer type
(1) Organic Fertilizer
Including human waste, manure, poultry manure, green manure, bone meal, plant ash, bean cake, hemp sauce slag, etc., as well as the waste of organic matter in daily life such as fish, water, Taomi Shui. Organic fertilizers are widely sourced, low in cost, and contain a wide range of nutrients, which are the main fertilizers for fertilizing bonsai plants. Organic fertilizers must be fermented and decomposed prior to application, otherwise they will heat up after fertilization and burn plant roots.
(2) Inorganic fertilizers
Mainly refers to synthetic fertilizers. Commonly used are urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, superphosphate, ferrous sulfate and so on. The application of chemical fertilizers is relatively hygienic, and the bonsai placed in the interior should be mainly chemical fertilizers. The nutrients contained in chemical fertilizers are relatively specific. When a plant urgently needs certain nutrients or there is a deficiency, it is better to apply the corresponding chemical fertilizer than organic fertilizer.
2. Fertilization method
(1) Base fertilizer
The fertilizer applied to the potted soil in the upper basin or in the turn over is called basal fertilizer. Fertilizers used as basal fertilizers are generally decomposed solid organic fertilizers. Compost soil, bone powder, and cooked cake fat are commonly used. When applied, they are used as potting soil components and can be mixed into potting soil. Basal fertilizer has a slow fertilizer effect, but it has long-lasting nutrient supply for plants.
(2) Dressing
In the period of plant growth, the top-dressing fertilizer for top-up nutrient deficiency is called top dressing. Topdressing also has the following points: soil topdressing and top dressing.
1 Soil top dressing. Generally, it is diluted with water and diluted with organic fertilizer and then applied to the basin. Topdressing organic fertilizers should be based on the principle of "thin thin fertilizers and diligent application". Generally, the fertilizer solution should be diluted 15-20 times. It is advisable to use chemical fertilizers for dressing indoor bonsai.
2 top dressing. That is to say, spraying the fertilizer solution on the leaf surface has the advantages of quicker fertilizer effect and less fertilizer. Flower and fruit bonsai spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate before flowering can promote flowering and increase fruit set rate. When there is a deficiency in plants, it can also be treated with extra-root fertilizer. It is advisable to spray fertilizers outside the roots before 10 o'clock in the morning and after 4 o'clock in the afternoon, and strictly control the concentration of fertilizers so as to avoid fertilizer damage.
3. The relationship between fertilization and plant species and plant growth and development stages
Generally, the fertilization of the foliage plants is dominated by nitrogen fertilizer. The amount of fertilizer applied is based on the principle of non-irrigation, and the bonsai needs of flowers and fruits are larger and phosphorus fertilizer should be added. Phyto-acidic soil plants should be appropriately applied to “fungus-flood water,†and “fungus-fed water†is when brewing organic liquid fertilizer, about 1% of ferrous sulfate is added, and it is used after fermentation and fermentation.
The different stages of plant growth and development require different nutrients. Generally, in late spring and summer, when plants enter a vigorous growth stage, they should fertilize more. After the fall, the growth rate slows down. Fertilizer should be used less to avoid leggy, and most plants enter dormancy in winter. Fertilization should stop. Phosphate fertilizers should be added to flower and fruit bonsai during flower bud differentiation and flowering.
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