A pair of soil requirements
Purple peanuts do not require strict soils. They are suitable for various soils with a pH of 5.5 to 7.2, but they are best cultivated in soils with deep soil layers, plough layers, and good drainage, and are loosened with tillage layers. Deep, sandy loam is the most suitable.
The plots for growing purple peanuts should be ploughed 25 to 30 cm deep, and combined with winter ploughing Mushi 2 500 to 3000 kg of farmyard manure. In the next spring equinox, shallow cultivation of 10-13 cm began. It is necessary to work with the farmer and protect the soil. Soil can be sown when the soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm is stable above 15 °C. Before sowing, it is necessary to perform seed dressing with 50% phoxim 100 g mixed with 50 kg seeds to prevent underground pests, and 40% to 50% of carbendazim 150 to 250 g for seed dressing 50 kg to prevent stem rot and Seedling blight. Combining site preparation, high-quality organic fertilizer is applied to 2500 ~ 3000 kg per 667 m2. Among them, diammonium phosphate 20 ~ 25 kg, urea 10 kg, potassium chloride 12.5 ~ 15 kg.
Two cultivation methods
1 Purple peanuts are better planted on ridges. Pyramid spacing 30 to 40 cm, ridge width 55 to 60 cm, ridge height 10 to 15 cm, double row planting, spacing 25 cm, spacing 15 cm, seeding depth 5 cm, sowing density 8 500 to 10 000 holes/667 M2, 2 seeds per hole. Rigid planting can deepen the living soil layer, making it light-receive on three sides, increasing the ground temperature, and is conducive to the development of drainage and irrigation and fruit needles into the soil and pods.
2 seed treatment. It is required to choose double-grained fruit, drying it with shells for 2 to 3 days before shelling, and screening first-grade healthy rice for seeding after shelling. Promote the use of rare earth or seed dressing seed dressing, 1 kg of seeds mixed with 2 g of borax and 2 g of rare earth, can significantly increase the output and quality of peanuts.
3 Planted by mulching. Seed sowing in early April, ridge height of 10 ~ 12 cm is appropriate, too high ridge is not easy to widen, when the film is under the slope of the ridge slope is not strict, false, the plastic film is easily blown by the wind; too low is not conducive to drainage.
Three pests and weeds
1 After the purple peanuts were sown, the herbicides were sprayed on the occasion of the damp soil and the soil was closed. Generally used 50% of dimethine, acetochlor and other agents. The spraying agent should be uniform and comprehensive.
2 Purple peanuts are more resistant to diseases and insect pests. Attention should be paid to insect pests such as aphids, cotton bollworms, and red spiders. Diseases should be mainly prevention. Spray 1-2 times carbendazim, mancozeb, and other fungicides every month to prevent common diseases such as leaf spot, melasma, powdery mildew, and stem rot in peanuts. If disease occurs, it can be used in the early stage of disease, with 20% triadimefon 1500 to 2000-fold, 70% thiophanate-methyl 1 200-fold, 65% mancozeb manganese 600-fold, and agricultural antibiotic 120 200 to 300-fold fluid for prevention and treatment. 10 ~ 15 d.
Four fine management
1 Timely replanting. Sowing period, often due to poor seed quality, lack of soil moisture, improper preparation of soil fertigation, pests and diseases and the impact of low temperature and adverse climate conditions, resulting in seed germination and lack of seedlings. Therefore, in the sowing 10 ~ 15 d, peanuts germinate timely after emergence, to ensure that the whole seedlings.
2 punch broken membrane. After the emergence of mulch peanuts, it should be timely and perforated to break the membrane to release seedlings. When the seedlings are released, the first leaf should be changed to green and unfolded. Before 10:00 in the morning and after 4:00 in the afternoon, the membrane should be broken and the hole should be 5 cm. Left and right, gently peel the leaves by hand. Afterwards, lightly seal the soil and compact the mulch, otherwise it is easy to burn the seedlings.
3 Drought watered. During the drought period of flowering, podging and pod expansion, we must promptly fight against drought and water. Drought-proof watering is best to use sprinkler irrigation and watering, and to properly extend the sprinkler irrigation time, the amount of water spray should be increased, so that there is a proper amount of water in the ditch, in order to facilitate the moisture from the ditch to the ridge, but to prevent flooding over the ridge surface . After watering, when it is suitable to dry and wet, the ridge is ploughed again to prevent soil compaction and overgrown weeds in the ditch, so as to ensure that fruit needles are timely soiled and pods are enlarged and solid. However, in the event of flooding, drain water in a timely manner to prevent rotten fruit.
4 Root fertilization
4.1 The role of external root fertilization. The purple peanut leaf surface fertilization has the characteristics of high fertilizer absorption and utilization, saving of fertilizer, and significant increase in production. Foliar application of nitrogen fertilizer, peanut plant absorption and utilization of more than 55.5%, a significant increase in the number of full fruit, the economic coefficient significantly increased; foliar application of phosphate fertilizer, generally can increase production by 7% ~ 10%; foliar application of aluminum, boron, manganese, iron Such as micro-fertilizer, generally can increase production by 8% ~ 10%. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and other elements and molybdenum, boron, manganese, iron and other trace elements can be applied to the foliage.
4.2 Method. 1 Nitrogen fertilizer: weigh 0.5 kg of urea and stir thoroughly with 50 kg of water to dissolve the 1% aqueous urea solution. Purple peanuts can be sprayed if there is defertilization in the middle and later stages of fertility, or when continuous rainfall in the growing period of peanuts, soil waterlogging, and roots are difficult to absorb nutrients. 2 Phosphate Fertilizer: Purple peanuts have strong phosphorus absorption capacity. Spraying 2% to 3% of superphosphate calcium solution in the middle and late fertility can increase the rate of photosynthate production to pods and increase the yield of pods. The specific method is: 1 ~ 1.5 kg of superphosphate put 50 kg of clean water, stirring soak, after the day and night, take the supernatant application, generally every 7 ~ 10 d spray 1 time, even spray 2 ~ 3 This time, about 60 kg is sprayed every 667 m2. Be careful to remove the residue completely so as not to damage the blade. 3 Nitrogen and Phosphorus Application: In the peanut field where there is a lack of phosphorus and nitrogen deficiency, it is possible to spray 1% urea and 2% superphosphate mixed liquor, which is not only labor-saving but also good. The preparation method of the mixed liquor is: at 50 kg Urea 0.5 kg was added to a 2% superphosphate aqueous solution. 4 Potassium: Generally formulated with plant ash. The preparation method is to take 2.5 ~ 5 kg of ash without rain, add 50 kg of water and stir well, soak for 12 ~ 14 h, take the clear solution, which is 5% ~ 10% of the ash leaching solution, spray every 667 m2 60 kg or so. An aqueous solution of potassium sulfate or potassium chloride may also be used. The preparation method is to add potassium sulfate or potassium chloride 1 kg in 50 kg of clean water, stir and dissolve to form a 2% solution of potassium sulfate or potassium chloride, and spray every 667 m2 each time. Apply 60 kg. 5 Phosphorus and Potassium combination: Take 2.5 kg hay ash, add water 20 ~ 25 kg soak, take 1 kg of calcium phosphate, throw in the soaking solution, stir well, filter out the clear solution after half a day, and add 10 kg of water again. Soak the filter, then combine the two filtrates, and dilute the water to 50 kg, which is the potassium dihydrogen phosphate manufactured by the method of soil. Spray 60 kg every 667 m2 each time. Spraying twice will obviously increase the yield.
5 Control is prosperous. During the period from the purple plastic peanuts to the scarring period, with the arrival of high temperature and high humidity, it is easy to prosper. In order to control the growth, it should be sprayed with 20g or so of Zhuangfeng amine per 667 m2 and sprayed with 40 kg of foliar spray for 1 to 2 times in the late stage of peanuts to the early stage of scab. ZFOA can dwarf plant height, promote photosynthesis of leaves, improve the distribution of photosynthetic products, increase fruit weight, and stabilize production by more than 10%.
6 Add foliar fertilizer. Purple peanuts require a large amount of fertilizer in the middle and later stages. They should start from the flowering stage and strengthen the application of foliar fertilizers. They should be sprayed every 7 to 10 days and sprayed 3 to 5 times. Common foliar fertilizers include: 2% superphosphate calcium leaching solution, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, 0.1% to 0.2% ammonium molybdate, 1% to 2% urea, especially sprayed 30 to 40 days before harvest. 1% urea + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, help prevent premature aging, promote nutrient accumulation, increase production, improve the quality of pods.
Five harvests
Purple peanuts have higher moisture content in the maturity phase of pods, slower dehydration, and shorter ripening period, should be harvested in a proper period to prevent sprouting and rotting fruit. When the leaves of the upper fruit branch of peanuts turn yellow, the network of shells is clear, and the seeds are black and shiny, they must be harvested in time. The harvest is too early and the pods are not full, which results in a reduction in yield. If the harvest is late, the pods are easy to fall off. Purple peanut growth period is about 125 days.
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