Since the 1970s, with the establishment of a series of modern biotechnologies such as cell engineering, DNA recombination, and transgenic technology, biotechnology has become the fastest growing and most active high-tech field in the world today. The extensive application of modern biotechnology in agriculture will bring new leaps to agricultural production. Cucumber is one of the main vegetable varieties that our people like to eat. In China, the planting area is very large. The breeding and research progress of new cucumber varieties is directly related to the issue of the national people's vegetable basket. As the only institute in China that uses cucumber as a research object, Tianjin Kerun Cucumber Research Institute, in order to adapt to the development of technological innovation, since 1995, under the leadership of Dr. Du Shengli, the application of biotechnology in cucumber breeding has been studied. Combining techniques such as haploid induction technology, transgenic technology, and molecular markers with traditional cucumber breeding techniques has shown good prospects for development.
Cucumber breeding has always followed traditional breeding methods. It takes 5 to 8 years to grow a variety. Using hybrids, self-introduction and backcrossing, the first inbred good inbred lines, and the selection of traditional inbred lines has to go through 6 The self-crossing on behalf of the above can only produce a fairly homozygous and stable inbred line, coupled with the preparation and screening of the hybrid combination, which makes the breeding process time-consuming, labor-intensive, low-efficiency, and due to the germplasm resources. The limitations of the available traits resources are getting smaller and smaller, so it is difficult to make new varieties break through in terms of resistance and quality by relying solely on existing resources and conventional breeding methods. The "Creation of new materials for cucumber breeding using biotechnology" at the Tianjin Kerun Cucumber Research Institute is the use of biotechnology to provide new materials and methods for traditional cucumber breeding methods. It mainly includes two important technologies, namely cucumber haploid induction technology and somatic cell regeneration and transgenic technology.
The cucumber haplotype induction technology system of the Tianjin Kerun Cucumber Research Institute was the first in China to obtain single (double) ploidy plants from unpollinated ovary cultures, from embryonic bud induction, subculture, and expansion of regenerated plants to transplantation, domestication, Haploid identification, formed a more complete technical system, the technology to fill the blank of the cucumber haploid technology research. Using haploid induction technology for variety breeding, the genotypes and phenotypes of the plants were completely identical, which greatly reduced the frequency of mis-selection. In addition, haplotypes were used as mutagenic materials, and the mutant recessive gene traits could be expressed. The speed of the mutants can be greatly accelerated, thus greatly shortening the breeding period, rapidly producing homozygous breeding new materials (pure lines), and improving breeding efficiency. The Ke Run Cucumber Research Institute of Tianjin applied the haploid induction breeding technology. It took only 1 year or more to separate some of the excellent breeding materials from the hybrids of Chinese and Dutch cucumbers. These materials are highly resistant to low temperatures. It is resistant to weak light, strong in disease resistance, and good in melons. The variety traits that are bred using these materials are excellent. Now it has entered the national experimental stage and is expected to be able to obtain a large area in China within 1 to 2 years. Promotion.
The success of haploid induction technology has made Tianjin Cucumber one of the few institutions in the world that possess this technology. Studies on the ploidy identification and doubling of cucumber chromosomes showed significant differences in the diameters of haploid and diploid staining centers. The haploid size can be used to identify haploids, but when distinguishing double haploids and triploids There will be some errors.
Using traditional gene mapping methods for gene tagging, genetic maps are less reliable due to large environmental influences. The use of molecular marker technology can improve the accuracy of genetic analysis and the effectiveness of seed selection and breeding. Using transgenic technology for cucumber breeding can also achieve breakthroughs in the study of disease resistance and other traits as soon as possible. At present, our biotechnology research group is undertaking major national research projects in 863 and Tianjin, and has made important achievements in the study of cucumber molecular marker for powdery mildew resistance. The relevant technologies have been applied for national invention patents.
Cucumber somatic cell regeneration and transgenic technology can import exogenous effective genes, such as disease resistance, insect resistance, stress resistance and special quality, into plants to produce plants with new traits and develop new disease resistance, insect resistance, and resistance to stress. And other fine varieties. Transgenic cucumber not only retains its excellent high yield and commercial quality, but also acquires new disease resistance or herbicide-resistance characteristics, which can significantly reduce production costs and increase production efficiency. For example, cucumber-to-rice chitinase gene plants have been found to increase resistance to Botrytis cinerea and can also confer resistance to cmv. At present, the Tianjin Kerun Cucumber Research Institute is using the established cucumber transgenic technology to cooperate with Nankai University and Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences to carry out research on the transformation of cucumber salt-tolerant genes and herbicide-resistant genes, and has achieved initial results. .
At present, biotechnology has not been widely used in cucumber breeding, and some technologies are still under study. For example, molecular markers are used for genealogical analysis and mapping, and the identification, quality, and disease resistance of strains, varieties, and hybrids are just as Cucumber breeding aids. However, we believe that biotechnology will have a profound impact on cucumber breeding methods, and even become an indispensable part of the cucumber breeding process.
Cucumber breeding has always followed traditional breeding methods. It takes 5 to 8 years to grow a variety. Using hybrids, self-introduction and backcrossing, the first inbred good inbred lines, and the selection of traditional inbred lines has to go through 6 The self-crossing on behalf of the above can only produce a fairly homozygous and stable inbred line, coupled with the preparation and screening of the hybrid combination, which makes the breeding process time-consuming, labor-intensive, low-efficiency, and due to the germplasm resources. The limitations of the available traits resources are getting smaller and smaller, so it is difficult to make new varieties break through in terms of resistance and quality by relying solely on existing resources and conventional breeding methods. The "Creation of new materials for cucumber breeding using biotechnology" at the Tianjin Kerun Cucumber Research Institute is the use of biotechnology to provide new materials and methods for traditional cucumber breeding methods. It mainly includes two important technologies, namely cucumber haploid induction technology and somatic cell regeneration and transgenic technology.
The cucumber haplotype induction technology system of the Tianjin Kerun Cucumber Research Institute was the first in China to obtain single (double) ploidy plants from unpollinated ovary cultures, from embryonic bud induction, subculture, and expansion of regenerated plants to transplantation, domestication, Haploid identification, formed a more complete technical system, the technology to fill the blank of the cucumber haploid technology research. Using haploid induction technology for variety breeding, the genotypes and phenotypes of the plants were completely identical, which greatly reduced the frequency of mis-selection. In addition, haplotypes were used as mutagenic materials, and the mutant recessive gene traits could be expressed. The speed of the mutants can be greatly accelerated, thus greatly shortening the breeding period, rapidly producing homozygous breeding new materials (pure lines), and improving breeding efficiency. The Ke Run Cucumber Research Institute of Tianjin applied the haploid induction breeding technology. It took only 1 year or more to separate some of the excellent breeding materials from the hybrids of Chinese and Dutch cucumbers. These materials are highly resistant to low temperatures. It is resistant to weak light, strong in disease resistance, and good in melons. The variety traits that are bred using these materials are excellent. Now it has entered the national experimental stage and is expected to be able to obtain a large area in China within 1 to 2 years. Promotion.
The success of haploid induction technology has made Tianjin Cucumber one of the few institutions in the world that possess this technology. Studies on the ploidy identification and doubling of cucumber chromosomes showed significant differences in the diameters of haploid and diploid staining centers. The haploid size can be used to identify haploids, but when distinguishing double haploids and triploids There will be some errors.
Using traditional gene mapping methods for gene tagging, genetic maps are less reliable due to large environmental influences. The use of molecular marker technology can improve the accuracy of genetic analysis and the effectiveness of seed selection and breeding. Using transgenic technology for cucumber breeding can also achieve breakthroughs in the study of disease resistance and other traits as soon as possible. At present, our biotechnology research group is undertaking major national research projects in 863 and Tianjin, and has made important achievements in the study of cucumber molecular marker for powdery mildew resistance. The relevant technologies have been applied for national invention patents.
Cucumber somatic cell regeneration and transgenic technology can import exogenous effective genes, such as disease resistance, insect resistance, stress resistance and special quality, into plants to produce plants with new traits and develop new disease resistance, insect resistance, and resistance to stress. And other fine varieties. Transgenic cucumber not only retains its excellent high yield and commercial quality, but also acquires new disease resistance or herbicide-resistance characteristics, which can significantly reduce production costs and increase production efficiency. For example, cucumber-to-rice chitinase gene plants have been found to increase resistance to Botrytis cinerea and can also confer resistance to cmv. At present, the Tianjin Kerun Cucumber Research Institute is using the established cucumber transgenic technology to cooperate with Nankai University and Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences to carry out research on the transformation of cucumber salt-tolerant genes and herbicide-resistant genes, and has achieved initial results. .
At present, biotechnology has not been widely used in cucumber breeding, and some technologies are still under study. For example, molecular markers are used for genealogical analysis and mapping, and the identification, quality, and disease resistance of strains, varieties, and hybrids are just as Cucumber breeding aids. However, we believe that biotechnology will have a profound impact on cucumber breeding methods, and even become an indispensable part of the cucumber breeding process.
Characteristic
1.Seeds type F1 hybrid chilli seeds
2.Fruit skin red.yellow.green
3.maturity days 90 days after sowing
4.Resistance Virus disease, blight
5.Indoor or outdoor Both
6.Yield 2000 to 2500kgs/667㎡
7.Germination rate More than 85%
8.Tags Hybrid chilli seeds
Green Pepper And Hot Pepper Seed
Green Pepper Seed,Hot Pepper Seed,Horn Pepper Seed, Capsicum Seed, Bell Pepper Seed
Ningxia Zhongqing Agricultural Technology Co. Ltd. , http://www.zq-vegetableseeds.com