1. The varieties of cucumber varieties that are well-chosen have a high potential for production under suitable environmental conditions. Currently, winter cucumber varieties suitable for planting include Jinyou No. 30, Yuyou No. 3, Jinyou No. 3, and Zhongnong 11 , Zhongnong 12, Zhongnong 13, Greenhouse 998, Xintai Mickey and so on.
Second, the appropriate sowing overwintering cucumber the best sowing date for mid-October. Sowing too early, due to long sunshine and high temperatures, caused the cucumbers to grow only, do not grow melons, and the pods were weak in the winter, and their ability to resist cold was poor. Late sowing, due to low temperature, short days, resulting in vigorous reproductive growth of cucumber, nutrient growth is weak, can not afford to plant, affect cucumber production, thus affecting efficiency.
Third, Grafting Grafting Cucumbers are usually used as rootstocks.
1. Blackcurrant pumpkin treatment. Soak it in clean water for 30 minutes, then dry it in a humid place for 18 hours so that the germination rate can reach 85% or more.
2. Black squash semi-sand bed nursery. When grafted south. The more complete the melon root system, the quicker the seedlings after grafting and the higher the survival rate. Semi-sand bed nursery approach is: After the entire seedling hoe, first shop 3 to 5 cm thick sand, after pouring enough water, put the seed evenly, and then cover 2 to 3 cm thick fine soil. In this way, the permeability is improved, the roots of the pumpkin are well developed, and the roots are scarcely damaged when the seedlings are raised, which greatly improves the survival rate.
3. Cucumber seedbed medicament treatment. In order to prevent seedling disease, the past seed dressing was changed to sterilize the soil. Use 500-800 times Kek-star, or 400-500 times carbendazim powder, or 800-1000 times pentachloronitrobenzene, spread 1 cm before seeding, and apply 1-1.5 cm after sowing. It can not only effectively control diseases such as seedling blight and damping-off, but also promote the growth of seedlings. Can also be done in the seedbed, spray Green 1 or No. 3, and then sowing, sowing cover 0.5 cm thick, and then spray Green Hunt spray again, and finally cover the soil 0.5 to 1 cm.
4. Control the length of the cotyledonary node. When cucumbers and squash are quickly emerged, they must be observed, and newspapers can be used to cover the length of the young stems together with the humidity or increase the night temperature. When the length of the cotyledonary segment is appropriate, the cover should be peeled off in time to allow the light to shine, reduce the night temperature, and promote the thick stems and leaves. By adjusting the length of cucumber and pumpkin cotyledonary nodes, it is conducive to grafting and survival.
5. Use three-knife grafting method. Two grafted grafts (one for cucumber and one for pumpkin) were grafted with three knives (two cucumbers and one pumpkin). The back of the tongue-shaped interface of the cucumber was gently scraped off the epidermis to allow it to be combined with the upper and lower sides of the pumpkin blade. After 6-8 days of grafting, the roots were cut off and planted for 10 days. In this way, the combination of scion and rootstock is more complete, the nutrients return to the roots, the long roots are fast, and the quality of the seedlings is improved, laying the foundation for increasing production and income.
6. Grafting temperature and humidity management. Cucumber grafting should be performed on a sunny day, and management within the first week after grafting is the most critical. The main environmental factors affecting the survival rate are temperature and humidity. After the grafting, cover the shade with the covering. The first three days should be uncovered in the morning and the evening. Covering from 10 noon to 4 pm, the curtains can be drawn. After 5 to 6 days, all of them should be uncovered. If there is wilting and then covered, until the seedlings return to normal and then opened, so repeated several times. The temperature in the booth is controlled at 20-26°C and the humidity is 70%-80%. Ventilation should be started from the fourth day and the cucumber roots should be broken after 8 to 10 days. Repeated several times, you can switch to normal management.
Fourth, seedling management points
1. Master four highs and four lows in temperature. 1 The germination temperature is high (30-35°C). After 70% of the cucumber sprouts, the temperature is reduced to about 25°C to prevent the radicle from becoming slender. 2 After the next kind of temperature to increase, in order to increase the temperature, promote rapid emergence of seedlings, less infectious bacteria; cooling after unearthing to prevent cucumber grow tall feet. 8 Warming after grafting to promote nutrient operation, healing the tissue to grow faster, reduce the temperature after wound healing, and prevent mad growth and strong seedlings. 4 Select the best temperature for transplanting, activate the plant hormones, do not fall seedlings after transplanting; after the seedlings to cool, in order to facilitate control and take root.
2. Pay attention to three points of moisture supply. 1 The soaking time should not be too long, and the seed should absorb enough water, generally about 6 hours. To prevent the seed from soaking for too long, causing its hormones to infiltrate, appear bubble seeds and affect the germination rate and germination potential. 2 Seedling watering is appropriate, and the standard is that the water is more than 1 to 2 cm. It is advisable that the water is too little for the seed to absorb water and grow into weak seedlings; 3 When watering, a buffer pit shall be dug between the aqueduct and the seedlings. The basin shall be large and one foot deep, so that the drainage water will enter into the advanced pits to slow down the flow velocity, sediment and sediment will be formed, and the clear water will flow into the seedlings in order to prevent Draw the bed and bring it into the sand.
3. Grasp the "three weak, three strong" in the light. 1 During the germination, the seed was sun-protected. The seed germinated under the dark and weak light and emerged with seedlings. After the dew-whiteness, the light was seen and the leaves were thick and strong. 2 Under the weak light, the soil is promoted under the seed; after the seedlings are excavated, the roots are promoted. 8 When planting, choose sunny days to slow the growth of seedlings; after the seedlings grow slowly, promote flower buds to differentiate into multiple female flowers under weak light.
4. Pay attention to complete nutrition on fertilization. The high yield depends not only on the amount of fertilizer but also on complete nutrition. Before the grafting, the seed embryo maintains growth without the use of chemical fertilizer. Only 4 parts of mature fertilizer and 6 parts of mature Yang soil can be mixed. Apply a little potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the seedbed after grafting. Do not use nitrogen fertilizer. Before application, 60 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer was applied to every 667 m2 of the site, and other elements were properly used. Beware of excessive amounts of certain elements.
5. Follow the three-step walk on disease prevention. First meet the various types of nutrients needed by the plant to increase the disease resistance of the plant. Second, we should take preventive measures in cultivation. For example, measures such as temperature adjustment, humidity adjustment and cultivator ventilation are used to prevent diseases. Finally use chemical pesticides to prevent disease. Low temperature and low light can be used in Daylight, B and Mn to prevent and control epidemic diseases; in the high temperature and high humidity period, manganese and carbendazim manganese zinc can be used to prevent fungal diseases; in the low temperature and high humidity period, DT fungicides and agricultural streptomycin can be used to control bacteria. Sexual diseases: Virus A is used to prevent viral diseases at high temperatures and droughts. The seedbed can be sprayed with the phytophthora and the enemy to control the damping-off disease. Beware of overdose or uneven use and burning seedlings.
Second, the appropriate sowing overwintering cucumber the best sowing date for mid-October. Sowing too early, due to long sunshine and high temperatures, caused the cucumbers to grow only, do not grow melons, and the pods were weak in the winter, and their ability to resist cold was poor. Late sowing, due to low temperature, short days, resulting in vigorous reproductive growth of cucumber, nutrient growth is weak, can not afford to plant, affect cucumber production, thus affecting efficiency.
Third, Grafting Grafting Cucumbers are usually used as rootstocks.
1. Blackcurrant pumpkin treatment. Soak it in clean water for 30 minutes, then dry it in a humid place for 18 hours so that the germination rate can reach 85% or more.
2. Black squash semi-sand bed nursery. When grafted south. The more complete the melon root system, the quicker the seedlings after grafting and the higher the survival rate. Semi-sand bed nursery approach is: After the entire seedling hoe, first shop 3 to 5 cm thick sand, after pouring enough water, put the seed evenly, and then cover 2 to 3 cm thick fine soil. In this way, the permeability is improved, the roots of the pumpkin are well developed, and the roots are scarcely damaged when the seedlings are raised, which greatly improves the survival rate.
3. Cucumber seedbed medicament treatment. In order to prevent seedling disease, the past seed dressing was changed to sterilize the soil. Use 500-800 times Kek-star, or 400-500 times carbendazim powder, or 800-1000 times pentachloronitrobenzene, spread 1 cm before seeding, and apply 1-1.5 cm after sowing. It can not only effectively control diseases such as seedling blight and damping-off, but also promote the growth of seedlings. Can also be done in the seedbed, spray Green 1 or No. 3, and then sowing, sowing cover 0.5 cm thick, and then spray Green Hunt spray again, and finally cover the soil 0.5 to 1 cm.
4. Control the length of the cotyledonary node. When cucumbers and squash are quickly emerged, they must be observed, and newspapers can be used to cover the length of the young stems together with the humidity or increase the night temperature. When the length of the cotyledonary segment is appropriate, the cover should be peeled off in time to allow the light to shine, reduce the night temperature, and promote the thick stems and leaves. By adjusting the length of cucumber and pumpkin cotyledonary nodes, it is conducive to grafting and survival.
5. Use three-knife grafting method. Two grafted grafts (one for cucumber and one for pumpkin) were grafted with three knives (two cucumbers and one pumpkin). The back of the tongue-shaped interface of the cucumber was gently scraped off the epidermis to allow it to be combined with the upper and lower sides of the pumpkin blade. After 6-8 days of grafting, the roots were cut off and planted for 10 days. In this way, the combination of scion and rootstock is more complete, the nutrients return to the roots, the long roots are fast, and the quality of the seedlings is improved, laying the foundation for increasing production and income.
6. Grafting temperature and humidity management. Cucumber grafting should be performed on a sunny day, and management within the first week after grafting is the most critical. The main environmental factors affecting the survival rate are temperature and humidity. After the grafting, cover the shade with the covering. The first three days should be uncovered in the morning and the evening. Covering from 10 noon to 4 pm, the curtains can be drawn. After 5 to 6 days, all of them should be uncovered. If there is wilting and then covered, until the seedlings return to normal and then opened, so repeated several times. The temperature in the booth is controlled at 20-26°C and the humidity is 70%-80%. Ventilation should be started from the fourth day and the cucumber roots should be broken after 8 to 10 days. Repeated several times, you can switch to normal management.
Fourth, seedling management points
1. Master four highs and four lows in temperature. 1 The germination temperature is high (30-35°C). After 70% of the cucumber sprouts, the temperature is reduced to about 25°C to prevent the radicle from becoming slender. 2 After the next kind of temperature to increase, in order to increase the temperature, promote rapid emergence of seedlings, less infectious bacteria; cooling after unearthing to prevent cucumber grow tall feet. 8 Warming after grafting to promote nutrient operation, healing the tissue to grow faster, reduce the temperature after wound healing, and prevent mad growth and strong seedlings. 4 Select the best temperature for transplanting, activate the plant hormones, do not fall seedlings after transplanting; after the seedlings to cool, in order to facilitate control and take root.
2. Pay attention to three points of moisture supply. 1 The soaking time should not be too long, and the seed should absorb enough water, generally about 6 hours. To prevent the seed from soaking for too long, causing its hormones to infiltrate, appear bubble seeds and affect the germination rate and germination potential. 2 Seedling watering is appropriate, and the standard is that the water is more than 1 to 2 cm. It is advisable that the water is too little for the seed to absorb water and grow into weak seedlings; 3 When watering, a buffer pit shall be dug between the aqueduct and the seedlings. The basin shall be large and one foot deep, so that the drainage water will enter into the advanced pits to slow down the flow velocity, sediment and sediment will be formed, and the clear water will flow into the seedlings in order to prevent Draw the bed and bring it into the sand.
3. Grasp the "three weak, three strong" in the light. 1 During the germination, the seed was sun-protected. The seed germinated under the dark and weak light and emerged with seedlings. After the dew-whiteness, the light was seen and the leaves were thick and strong. 2 Under the weak light, the soil is promoted under the seed; after the seedlings are excavated, the roots are promoted. 8 When planting, choose sunny days to slow the growth of seedlings; after the seedlings grow slowly, promote flower buds to differentiate into multiple female flowers under weak light.
4. Pay attention to complete nutrition on fertilization. The high yield depends not only on the amount of fertilizer but also on complete nutrition. Before the grafting, the seed embryo maintains growth without the use of chemical fertilizer. Only 4 parts of mature fertilizer and 6 parts of mature Yang soil can be mixed. Apply a little potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the seedbed after grafting. Do not use nitrogen fertilizer. Before application, 60 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer was applied to every 667 m2 of the site, and other elements were properly used. Beware of excessive amounts of certain elements.
5. Follow the three-step walk on disease prevention. First meet the various types of nutrients needed by the plant to increase the disease resistance of the plant. Second, we should take preventive measures in cultivation. For example, measures such as temperature adjustment, humidity adjustment and cultivator ventilation are used to prevent diseases. Finally use chemical pesticides to prevent disease. Low temperature and low light can be used in Daylight, B and Mn to prevent and control epidemic diseases; in the high temperature and high humidity period, manganese and carbendazim manganese zinc can be used to prevent fungal diseases; in the low temperature and high humidity period, DT fungicides and agricultural streptomycin can be used to control bacteria. Sexual diseases: Virus A is used to prevent viral diseases at high temperatures and droughts. The seedbed can be sprayed with the phytophthora and the enemy to control the damping-off disease. Beware of overdose or uneven use and burning seedlings.
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