Simple soilless cultivation technology

The essence of cultivation is to use the matrix to fix the plants so that the roots of the plants can directly contact the nutrient solution, which can prevent pests and continuous cropping obstacles in soil infection. Compared with soil cultivation, soilless cultivation also reduces the amount of pesticides, improves crop yield and quality, and saves fertilizer, water, and labor. The most outstanding feature of soilless cultivation is high economic efficiency. At present, 90% of the greenhouse crops in developed countries are cultivated without soil, and the yield of greenhouse soilless cultivation tomatoes has reached 30,000-30,000 kilograms, which has achieved great economic benefits. The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences utilizes organic ecological soilless culture techniques to produce 13,000 kilograms of tomato per mu, and a net income of 15,000 yuan per mu.
The so-called organic ecological soilless cultivation technique refers to a soilless cultivation technique that uses a substrate without a natural soil and does not use a conventional nutrient solution to irrigate the plant roots, but uses organic solid fertilizers and directly irrigates the crops with clean water. The organic ecological soilless cultivation facility system consists of a cultivation tank and a water supply system. In actual production, the cultivation trough is made of wood, brick or adobe into a frame of 15-20 cm in height and 48 cm in width, and a layer of polyethylene plastic film is laid on the bottom of the trough. Two rows of crops can be cultivated. The length of the slot may vary depending on the shape of the building's building, typically 5-30 meters. The water supply system can use the tap water infrastructure, the main pipeline uses metal pipes, and drip irrigation pipes use plastic pipes. The organic eco-matrix can be locally sourced, such as crop straw, waste from agricultural processing, and by-products from wood processing. In order to adjust the physical properties of the matrix, a certain percentage of inorganic substances may be added, such as perlite, slag, river sand, etc., and the added amount may be determined according to needs. The organic ecological soilless cultivation fertilizer is mainly composed of chicken feces sterilized by high temperature, and inorganic fertilizer is appropriately added instead of nutrient solution. Disinfect chicken manure comes from a large chicken farm, which is sterile and odorless after being fermented and dried by high temperature, and is supplemented with diammonium phosphate, ternary compound fertilizer, etc., so that the nutrients in the fertilizer are comprehensive and balanced, and ideal cultivation can be obtained. effect. Soilless cultivation belongs to high-efficiency agriculture, and the investment in disposable equipment is relatively large. The preparation, adjustment, and management of nutrient solutions require certain professional knowledge and require special training to master.

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