Wheat Production Agricultural Machinery Combination of Agriculture and Arts

Construction and Attempt of Agricultural Technology Combination System of Wheat Production:
With the development and innovation of agricultural science and technology, the agricultural machinery and agro-technology system has occupied an important position in the field of agricultural science and technology, and throughout the process of constructing a wheat and agronomy, agronomy and arts combined technology system, many successful experiences and models have been explored. Zouping County is one of the earliest counties (cities) that practice the combination of agricultural and agronomic techniques in wheat production.
Zouping County has made great progress in grain production, especially wheat production, due to its emphasis on agricultural production and the promotion of advanced technologies. However, with the development of productivity and changes in the agricultural market economy, some deep-seated contradictions in wheat production have been exposed one after another: First, the input of production materials in wheat production is unreasonable, chemical fertilizers are used extensively, fertilizer efficiency is reduced, and costs increase; second, the people Still accustomed to extensive cultivation of large fertilizers, large waters, and large sowing volumes. Third, due to changes in the structure of agricultural production, many farm households have no soil-based miscellaneous fertilizers, and most crop straws are burned, organic matter is reduced year by year, and soil fertility is reduced; Unreasonable farming and excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have destroyed agricultural resources, polluted the environment, and affected the sustainable and stable development of wheat production. In order to solve these problems, since the early 1990s, agricultural machinery and art integration systems such as wheat precision seeding mechanization technology, wheat combined harvest mechanization technology, chemical fertilizer deep mechanization technology, water-saving irrigation mechanization technology and plant protection mechanization technology have been constructed and improved.
All localities can focus on promotion based on the conditions of local wheat production, agricultural infrastructure and rural economic base.
1. Precision mechanization of wheat sowing mechanization The technology of mechanized sowing mechanization of sowing is to complete the seeding operations for planting machines according to the requirements of crops, so as to achieve the purpose of using less seed, high quality sowing, full use of land, and the purpose of increasing production by province. At the same time, with the seed selection processing, seed coating, herbicide spraying and other mechanization techniques. The wheat precision seeder can achieve fine and semi-finished sowing of wheat according to the crop variety and soil strength, and adjust the sowing rate. Generally, it is 45-60kg/ha than the traditional sowing section, and the seeding is uniform and the depth is consistent. At present, the county mainly promotes the 2BBIJ-3 (6, 9) series of wheat precision seeders. The annual sown area is more than 37,000 hectares, basically covering the existing conventional machinery planting area.
Second, the combination of wheat harvesting mechanization technology Wheat combine harvester can complete the process of harvesting, threshing, selection, returning straw and other processes, compared with the traditional harvest, with high efficiency, looting, fast, small losses and other advantages , And can make all the wheat straw return to the field, to solve a major problem of wheat straw returned to the field for many years. More than 80% of the wheat fields in the county have implemented this technology. Most towns and villages have carried out “cross-district operations” of “emergence westward” agricultural machinery, and have expanded from a single cross-region operation to return straw to the fields and implemented “throughout, tillage, and broadcast” services.
3. The mechanized technology of deep chemical fertilizer application of chemical fertilizers, animal husbandry, and manpower equipment will apply chemical fertilizers to the soil at a certain depth according to the agronomic requirements at that time, so that the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers can be increased by about 28% from the ground surface by 10%. , Various crops increase production by 10%-15%. At present, all wheat in the county has been fully implemented at the same time. Wheat seed fertilizer has reached about 25%, and the topdressing of wheat has reached more than 90%. Especially in corn production, the problem of intercropping corn seed fertilizer isolation and weak corn seedlings is well solved.
4. Water-saving irrigation mechanization technology Water-saving irrigation mechanization technology, through machinery, water conservancy, agriculture, management and other measures, according to the needs of crops, water resources and the nature of the soil, the planned irrigation quota will be evenly irrigated to the fields or the roots of crops. The lowest consumption of water resources yields the highest crop yields. At present, the county’s largest area of ​​promotion is the replacement of canals with plastic pipes and other forms of water. This form is low in cost and easy for the people to accept. The area used by the county accounts for more than 2/3 of the irrigated area. Anti-seepage channel water and sprinkler irrigation are currently in the initial stage of application. Anti-seepage low-pressure pipelines have reached 1,300 hectares and spray irrigation has reached 2,600 hectares.
5. Plant protection mechanization technology The crop protection mechanization technology is the use of mobile plant protection machinery in the agricultural production process, through effective organization forms, to implement unified disease prevention and pest control operations on regional crop crop lands. This technology is more effective than manual spraying, which can increase production efficiency, save medication, reduce residual pollution, reduce production costs, improve control effectiveness, ensure stable and high-yield crops, effectively prevent operator poisoning, and achieve economical and effective pesticide-saving purposes. At present, there are mainly mist sprayers and motorized mist sprayers, which have been widely used in wheat. This machine has strong adaptability and high working efficiency and is suitable for various crops.
In short, the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy is an important part of agricultural mechanization. It is a concrete embodiment of using modern science and technology to arm agriculture. It fully embodies the three consistent unification of production, economy, and ecology, and is an important part of the development of China's sustainable agricultural technology system. It is an important choice to promote the sustainable development of agriculture in China and has broad development prospects.

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