Comprehensive utilization of leftovers for fish processing

The fish heads, fish tails, minced meat, scales, skins, entrails, bones, gallbladder, etc. remaining in the fish processing process contain a lot of protein, amino acids, trace elements and vitamins. Utilizing these protein resources, it can be used to make a variety of deep-processed products, including soluble edible fish protein powder, liquid fish protein feed, fish scale glue, fish skin glue, bone paste, fish protein calcium sugar, bile pigment calcium salt and bile salt, etc. . The comprehensive use of fish processing scraps can reduce the cost of leading products and increase the added value of aquatic products. It can also maintain the environment, reduce waste water and waste discharge, and achieve higher economic, ecological and social benefits. The above products are described below.
1. Soluble edible fish protein powder Soluble fish protein powder is rich in nutrition, good water-soluble, easy to digest and absorb, can be used as amino acid fortified food base, milk powder substitute, and can also develop nutrition soup, seasoning and fish protein beverage and other products. . It is an effective drug for treating diarrhea caused by indigestion in children, and it can also be used as a source of protein in liquid foods for patients suffering from cancer or postoperative eating difficulties. The product preparation method is many, such as enzymatic hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis, alkali hydrolysis, alcohol extraction degreasing. In particular, enzymatic preparation is better, not only to maintain the fish's inherent nutrients, but also a good taste, easy to dissolve, is a new technology developed abroad.
1. Process flow Raw material processing → Enzymolysis → Centrifugal filtration → Fish protein hydrolyzate → Decolorization → Vacuum drying → Crushing → Finished product.
2. The process uses the fish minced meat, fish heads and fish tails of the processed wastes as raw materials, washed with water and chopped. Take minced fish paste into reaction pot, add water to adjust the pH to 6.5-7.5, and make the ratio of solid to liquid 5:8, add 1% to 2% of protease, and react at 45°C~60°C for 2 hours~ For 4 hours, the enzyme was inactivated by boiling for 10 minutes. After centrifugation, the filter residue was discarded (as fertilizer or feed) to obtain a fish protein hydrolyzate. With 10 g of activated carbon per liter decolorization at 65 °C for 30 minutes, vacuum drying at 50 °C ~ 55 °C, the ball mill smash, over 200 mesh copper sieve to obtain soluble food fish protein powder.
Second, liquid fish protein feed liquid fish protein feed is not only nutritious, but its protein is in the form of peptides and amino acids, more conducive to animal digestion and absorption. The feed preparation method includes a molasses fermentation method (using a leftover of sugar cane sugar), an acidification method, an alkalization method, and the like. The acidification method is as follows.
1. Process flow Raw material processing → acidification → liquefaction → finished product → storage.
2. Process Liquid fish protein feed is made from metamorphic fishes, low-grade miscellaneous fish, fish heads, entrails, etc., which have lost their food value. They are crushed with a hammer mill and put the crushed raw materials into acid-proof containers. In the case of adding formic acid with a volume concentration of 85%, the amount is 3.5% of the weight of the raw material, and the pH of the acidified raw material must be less than 4. The acidified raw material is placed in an acid-resistant liquefaction tank for liquefaction. The liquefaction time differs depending on the temperature and the raw materials, and generally 30° C. to 35° C. room temperature for one or two days. The liquefied fish protein feed is stored in an acid-resistant, lidded container at room temperature for a period of 1 year to 2 years.
Third, fish scale glue and fish skin glue used in the processing of fish waste skin, scales and other animal gum extraction, instead of pigskin, leather, fur and turtle, turtles made of plastic. Fish skin accounts for about 5% of fish and fish scale accounts for about 2.5% to 4%. Therefore, the use of fish scales and skins is a waste. Practice has proved that: Using fish scales and fish skin glue is one of the best raw materials in animals. Fish scales and fish skin glue can play the same role of nourishing yin to stop bleeding, such as tortoise shell glue and donkey-hide gelatin, and has unique effects in lungs and lungs. The glue manufacturing technology is introduced as follows.
(I) Preparation of fish scale glue
1. Process scales → washing → soaking → pickling → soaking → washing → washing → filtration → coagulation → scraping → drying → finished products.
2. Process Scales are washed and placed in a 5% caustic soda solution for about 5 minutes to remove oil, grease and squama. The scales that had been soaked in alkali were immediately rinsed with water and then immersed in water to remove the alkalinity and no phenolphthalein was observed. The cleaned fish scale was then immersed in hydrochloric acid. The amount of hydrochloric acid was initially 12% (volume concentration of hydrochloric acid was 31%), and then gradually decreased. 8%, 3%, and 1% were soaked in 4 times, and the ratio of scale to water was 2:3. The acid-soaked scales are rinsed and then soaked in lime water of 2 g to 4 g per liter for 7 to 14 days to remove other impurities and rinse with fresh water. A small amount of hydrochloric acid was added to the washed fish scale to adjust the pH to 5-6. The fish scales after the above treatment are heated in a sandwich steamer at a temperature of 60° C. to 70° C. and heated for 2 hours to 3 hours to remove the fish scales. The good gel is filtered to remove impurities, and the transparent clear glue is allowed to condense on a fixed plate, and is scraped into a 5 cm thick piece. The scraped piece is dried and then used as a scale glue. Each 100 kg wet scale can be made into 10 kg ~ 12 kg of dry glue. Its use is photographic gum, bio-adhesive, medicinal glue, industrial glue four categories, each with different quality standards.
(b) Fish Skin Glue The preparation of fish skin gluing process is basically the same as scale glue, but there are some differences in the previous processes. They are described as follows:
Immersion alkali: The concentration of alkaline water is 0.04%, alkali water is changed once a day, until the fish and most of the oil are removed.
Liquefying: After soaking alkali, the skin is impregnated with lime water (concentration is 0.4%). Lime is changed every 2 days to 3 days. It takes about 30 days (including soaking alkali).
Washing ash: Wash the lime and wash it with water first. After most of the lime is removed, wash it with dilute acid (pH between 3 and 4), and then wash it with water.
The next few steps such as tannin extract are the same as scale glue. The peel rate of fish skin is about 15%.

Wolfberry Juice Vermicelli Bag

Wolfberry Juice Vermicelli Bag,Wolfberry Juice Vermicelli Plastic Bag

Ningxia ZhaiXianSong Commercial and Trading Co.,Ltd. , http://www.nxupin.com