How to determine the amount of fertilizer applied to grapes

The amount of fertilizer applied to grapevines should be based on the nutrient uptake by the plants, the natural nutrient supply from the soil, and the amount of nutrients added through human intervention. Typically, nitrogen accounts for about one-third of the total absorbed, while phosphorus and potassium each account for about half. However, the actual efficiency of fertilizer use by grapevines is around 50% for nitrogen, 30% for phosphorus, and 40% for potassium. For example, in an area of 667 square meters with a yield of 2000 kg of grapes, the plants absorb approximately 12 kg of nitrogen (N), 6 kg of phosphorus (P₂O₅), and 14.4 kg of potassium (K₂O). Natural soil supply provides about 4 kg of nitrogen, 3 kg of phosphorus, and 7.2 kg of potassium. Therefore, the artificial fertilizer requirement would be 8 kg of nitrogen, 3 kg of phosphorus, and 7.2 kg of potassium. Considering the fertilizer utilization rate, the actual amount needed is approximately 16 kg of nitrogen, 10 kg of phosphorus, and 18 kg of potassium. According to some foreign research, for every additional 100 kg of grape production, the vines require 0.3–0.55 kg of nitrogen, 0.13–0.28 kg of phosphorus, and 0.28–0.64 kg of potassium from the soil. In practice, farmers can assess the nutritional status of their grapevines by observing plant growth and fruit development. Healthy vines show strong new shoot growth, short internodes, uniform base and tip, and vigorous regrowth after pruning. Leaves are large, thick, and dark green, and the fruit develops good color and high sugar content. Proper fertilization also leads to even bud break in the following season. On the other hand, if shoots are thin, growth is slow, and leaves are small and pale, it may indicate a lack of nutrients. In such cases, the stems remain green and soft, and the fruit lacks color and sweetness. Bud break may be delayed or uneven, and winter damage may occur due to weak growth. Excessive fertilization can lead to overly vigorous growth, with long and dense branches and leaves, delayed dormancy, and poor fruit set. This often results in low yields despite heavy growth. Farmers must carefully adjust their fertilization practices based on these observations. A commonly recommended ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for grapevines is 1:0.5:1.5 or 1:1:1.5. In northern China, a typical fertilization rate for 667 square meters is around 12.5–15 kg of nitrogen, 10–12.5 kg of phosphorus, and 10–15 kg of potassium. Adjustments should be made based on soil tests, vine health, and yield goals to ensure optimal growth and quality.

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