Agricultural area sheep raising and management

With the rapid development of animal husbandry, especially in farming areas, large-scale sheep farming has seen significant growth. However, poor management and improper practices often lead to low breeding efficiency and even losses. To enhance the economic returns for farmers, it is essential to focus on key management strategies when raising sheep on a large scale. Here are some important points: (1) Timely weaning and rational grouping of lambs. Lambs aged 2 to 3 months should be weaned and separated from their mothers. This allows ewes to recover quickly, reach estrus earlier, and improve fertility and milk production. At the same time, weaned lambs should be grouped based on age, size, and strength to ensure balanced growth and prevent stronger lambs from dominating weaker ones. (2) Breeding at the right time to increase reproductive efficiency. Proper mating involves determining the optimal age for first breeding and timing after estrus. Most sheep are bred for the first time around 15 months of age. Early breeding can hinder the ewe’s own growth and reduce reproductive performance. Mating should occur in the morning after an afternoon estrus, with an 8–12 hour interval, followed by one more mating. Keeping accurate breeding records is crucial to avoid confusion and unnecessary losses. (3) Proper feed formulation is fundamental for successful large-scale sheep farming. Agricultural by-products like straw, alfalfa, and corn stalks are commonly used as roughage but often contain high levels of lignin and poor palatability. These must be treated using methods such as silage, ammoniation, or alkalinization. Moldy or improperly processed feeds should be avoided. Roughage should be cut into 1–3 cm lengths to aid digestion. Concentrate feed should be formulated based on local resources, sheep type, and growth stage, ensuring adequate energy, protein, minerals, and vitamins. The ammonia-to-sulfur ratio should be 7:1, and calcium-to-phosphorus ratio 1:2. When using non-protein nitrogen, thiamine must be added to ensure effective microbial utilization. (4) Implementing a proper feeding schedule is vital for healthy sheep growth. In farming areas, a combination of grazing and supplementary feeding is common, especially during winter. Without timely and reasonable feeding, sheep may not meet their nutritional needs. Supplementary feeds should be adjusted according to seasons and the condition of rams, ewes, pregnant sheep, and lambs. Avoiding underfeeding and maintaining a consistent flock level helps ensure good breeding performance. (5) Effective disease prevention is essential to improve survival rates. Regular vaccinations in spring and autumn are necessary for free-range flocks. For farms, scientific vaccination and drug prevention programs should be developed based on local disease patterns. Vaccinate against common diseases like four-in-one, streptococcus, E. coli, and lamb dysentery. Control parasites such as worms, lice, liver flukes, and schistosomes. Maintain clean environments, monitor sheep behavior, feeding, and water intake daily, and report any abnormalities promptly to a veterinarian. Early detection and treatment can significantly boost herd survival.

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