The disease can cause devastating damage to crops, and the disease is widely distributed throughout the world, especially in high temperature and high humidity areas. It also has a great impact on China's agricultural production. The epidemic diseases are divided into fungal diseases and bacterial diseases, and fungal diseases include early blight, late blight and cotton blight. Here are some different types of diseases and their symptoms and prevention methods.
First, bacterial diseases:
Mainly harmful to legumes:
Kidney beans, kidney beans, etc. Mainly infested with leaves, stems, pods, etc.
Symptoms:
It has a reddish-brown ulcer shape, and the primary dark green oil is immersed in small spots, and then gradually expands into an irregular shape. The lesions turn brown, dry and thin, translucent, and there is a yellow halo around the lesion, which is easily broken when dry. In severe cases, the lesions are connected, the whole leaves are dry, and like a fire, the diseased leaves generally do not fall off.
Incidence conditions and invasive pathways:
The appropriate temperature for the onset of the disease: about 30 degrees, the bacteria spread by wind and rain, insects, from plant water holes, pores and wounds.
Second, early blight:
Hazardous crops:
Tomatoes, peppers, potatoes, eggplants, etc.
Symptoms:
The main symptom is that there is (concentric) wheel pattern in the diseased part; the initial leaves are water-stained dark green lesions, which are round or irregularly rounded after expansion, with a light green or yellow halo on the edges. The center has a concentric pattern, and when it is wet, the disease minister has a black mold layer.
Incidence conditions and invasive pathways:
Appropriate temperature: 26-28 ° C, the humidity is heavy. Directly invade and spread from stomata, wounds or epidermis by airflow, irrigation water, and farming operations.
Third, late blight:
Hazardous crops:
Tomatoes, peppers, melons (cucumber, watermelon, pumpkin, melon, etc.), zucchini, leeks, scallion, garlic, etc.
Symptoms: The seedlings began to get sick from the base of the stem, and the diseased part showed watery soft rot, the lesions were dark green, and the diseased parts fell. Adult stage: Infestation from the tip of the old leaf.
Incidence conditions and invasive pathways:
The temperature is 18-22 ° C, and the relative humidity is 95-100%. By airflow, rainwater transmission, nitrogen, insufficient base fertilizer, even rain, insufficient light, poor ventilation, excessive watering, excessive density is conducive to the onset.
Fourth, cotton blight
Main hazard crops:
Watermelon, cucumber, winter melon, leeks, eggplant, tomato, etc.
Symptoms:
Mainly harmful to the fruit, the fruit is infected, more than the beginning of the old ripe fruit, first the diseased part of the water-stained small round spots, then gradually enlarged slightly depressed, yellow-brown or dark brown large spots, and finally spread to the whole fruit.
Incidence conditions and invasive pathways:
The general temperature is 25~35°C, and the relative humidity is more than 85%. Spread by rainwater or irrigation water, low terrain, poor drainage, soil viscosity, extensive management, partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, excessive close planting, and continuous cultivation can also aggravate the spread of disease.
The difference between cotton blight, early blight and late blight
1, different disease conditions
Early blight is at 25-28 ° C, humidity is 31%-96%, the most susceptible to disease, and the highest temperature in the field high temperature season is 37-39 ° C, night 25-30 ° C, rainy days, high humidity duration is long, easy to popular Disaster. Tomatoes have strong resistance to pathogens before flowering, and rapidly decline during flowering, especially in the lower old leaves. Therefore, the initial stage of early blight is in the flowering stage.
Late blight in the production of 24 ° C during the day (expanded within the susceptible tissue), 10 ° C above the night (invasion), relative humidity greater than 75% -100%, long duration is prone to disease, especially on the leaf surface with water film or water droplets The germs are very easy to breed.
The plague disease is more than 85% in relative humidity, and the average temperature is 25-30 °C, especially after the rain, and the temperature rises sharply, which is conducive to the epidemic of cotton blight.
2, the onset time is different
Early blight, late blight, and blight plague can occur in all stages of growth and development.
Early blight mainly occurs during the flowering stage;
Late blight mainly occurs in the seedling stage and the fruiting stage;
The plague is mainly caused by the sudden fall of the sun after the heavy rain, close to the lower part of the fruit.
3, the symptoms are different
Early blight: the main features are concentric wheel patterns;
Late blight: the affected tissue is like boiling water;
Cotton blight: A small amount of white mold grows on the lesions when wet, and there are white flocculent hyphae.
4, different control agents
Bacterial disease: bacteria No. 1, thiazole zinc, neutrophin, tetramycin, tea saponin, etc.
Early blight: difenoconazole, flusilazole and tebuconazole.
Late blight, plague: enoylmorpholine, plague 1 and so on.
The disease is mainly based on the principle of comprehensive prevention and control. It can choose disease-resistant varieties, clean the pastoral environment, reduce the source of infection, strengthen cultivation management, and forecast and forecast the occurrence and prevalence of the growing season. Its spread to reduce its harm!
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