It takes about 72 weeks for high-yielding laying hens to hatch from hatching, so it is said that laying hens are kept for 500 days. According to the growth and development characteristics of laying hens, the laying hens can be divided into several feeding and management stages. In order to give full play to the high-yield performance of laying hens in order to obtain the best breeding efficiency, the key to the exception of cultivar factors lies in familiarizing with and mastering the requirements of laying hens at different stages of growth and the key points of feeding and management techniques.
(I) The division of layer laying hens can be divided into three stages: brooding, bred and laying.
1. In the brooding stage, the modern laying hens tend to take 0-8 weeks as the brooding stage. Experiments have shown that 8-week brooding is more conducive to the cultivation of laying hens and the exertion of egg production potential than 6-week brooding.
2. The gestation stage refers to the period from 9 to 20 weeks after the brooding is completed and before the start of production. The bred stage can be further subdivided into 9-12 weeks of age at the beginning of the breeding period, 13-18 weeks of age at the later stage of synthesis, and 19-20 weeks of age before the transition.
3, laying stage refers to the elimination of 5% egg production rate. It usually ranges from 21 to 72 weeks of age. The egg production stage can be further divided into 21-42 weeks of pre-laying, 43-60 weeks of age in the middle of laying, and 61 weeks of age from the end of the laying to the elimination (around 72 weeks of age).
(II) Feeding and management points of 0-8 weeks old brooding stage
The key to the success or failure of raising chickens lies in brooding. The quality of brooding directly affects the growth and development of chicks, the survival rate, the regularity of chickens, the resistance of adult chickens, the amount of eggs laid by adult chickens, and the duration of egg production peaks. , and even the economic benefits of the entire chicken industry. Therefore, it is very important to improve the feeding and management of chicks.
1, preparation before brooding
Before entering young ones, there must be sufficient time for planning to do a good job of disinfection, such as cleaning, scour, fumigation and disinfection of the brooding houses, inspection of heating and insulation facilities and equipment, and preparation of feeds and commonly used drugs and utensils. To clean the brooding house thoroughly, clean the troughs, sinks and other utensils, and conduct strict disinfection. If the ground is raised and bred, the litter should be exposed to the sunlight a week before the chicken is sterilized. Before entering the chicks, we must preheat the brooding house in advance, especially in late autumn, winter and early spring. Be sure to start the fire three days in advance so that the walls, ground, and facilities are thoroughly heated. The temperature in the house is relatively stable and easy to control. .
2. Provide a home environment suitable for the growth and development of chicks
Temperature is one of the key factors in the success or failure of brooding. Providing suitable temperature can effectively improve the survival rate of chicks. Because chick body temperature regulation function is not perfect, the chick is very sensitive to temperature, the temperature is too low, the chick is easy to tie groups, easy to squeeze and die; the temperature is too high, the chicks easily evaporate the water, resulting in dehydration of chicks, affecting the growth of chicks. The general requirements of the first week of the chicken house is 32 °C -35 °C, after the weekly decline of 2 °C -3 °C, the cooling rate can not be too large, down to 18 °C -20 °C when the temperature. High and low humidity are not conducive to the growth and development of chicks. The humidity is generally 65%-70% for 1-10 days and 55%-65% after 10 days of age.
3, drinking water and eating
Before the chicks start eating, they should drink water first, and then feed them 2-3 hours later. Within one week of age drinking water, add 5% glucose + electrolytic multi-dimensional or quick supplement, open food rehydration salts, etc. Its function is mainly health care, anti-stress and is conducive to meconium excretion. Tap water can be consumed after 1 week of age. The demand for water from chicks far exceeds that of feed. Continuous water and water quality should be ensured. The overnight water should be replaced in a timely manner. The drinking fountains should be disinfected with potassium permanganate once a day. Chicks are generally eaten 24 to 26 hours after hatching. The starter food can be used as feed for millet, corn, etc. After 3 days of age, it is gradually replaced with compound feed. Feeding times, the first week of eating should be a small amount of ground Tim, so as not to cause indigestion and cause feed wastage, generally 1-45 days of age feeding 6-5 times a day; 46 days after feeding 4-3 times. Every time it is not appropriate to feed too much, it is better to add less to feed and to feed 80%. When feeding, it is necessary to pay attention to changes in the consumption of feed at any time. Excessive or too little feed consumption is a precursor to the disease of the chicks.
4, a reasonable lighting system
Illumination can increase the metabolism of chickens, increase appetite, increase the content of red blood cell hemoglobin, make T-dehydrocholesterol in chicken skin convert to vitamin D3, and promote calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body. Practice has proved that the duration and intensity of light, the color and wavelength of light, the start and end time of light stimulation, and whether the dark period is continuous or indirect will have an important impact on chicken activity, feeding, drinking, physical development, and sexual development. The first week usually uses 24 hours of light throughout the day and the second week 19 hours of light. Since the third week, closed houses can be used for 8 hours a day. When the light intensity is applied, every 15m2 house is suspended from a height of 2m above the ground with a 40W bulb in the first week, and a 25W lamp can be replaced in the second week.
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