Human skin can be directly converted into blood

Release date: 2010-11-15


According to a report by the American Physicist Network on November 8 (Beijing time), Canadian researchers claim that they bypass the intermediate process of inducing pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) and directly transform adult skin cells into blood cells. It is of great significance for understanding cell differentiation and regenerative medicine research. Related research papers were published online on November 7th in the journal Nature.
A research team led by Mick Hatia, director of the Institute of Stem Cell and Cancer at McMaster University in Canada, said clinical trials may begin in 2012, and new approaches may mean that in the foreseeable future, those due to surgery or anemia treatment Patients who need blood will be able to use their skin to supply blood.
Researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine announced on January 27 this year that they bypassed the iPS cell step in the experiment and directly converted the skin cells of the mice into nerve cells for the first time. The new study is the first time scientists have used human cells for similar experiments, and it is also the first time scientists have created progenitor cells.
Since red blood cells transformed from stem cells do not produce adult hemoglobin, the Hatia team chose to use skin cells to make blood progenitor cells. The researchers collected skin fibroblasts from volunteers and infected them with a virus that was implanted with the OCT4 gene, a stem cell pluripotency gene that converts fibroblasts into iPS cells, and placed the cells The culture is carried out in a special solution containing various cytokines.
Experiments have shown that the resulting blood progenitor cells do produce three kinds of cells in the blood - white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets, and all of them can perform their intended functions. Red blood cells produce adult hemoglobin, and Not hemoglobin in the embryonic stage.
Cynthia Dunbar, director of the molecular hematopoietic department of the Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood at the National Institutes of Health, said that the new study bypassed iPS cells, making the risk of transplanting these cells into the patient's body to form a tumor to almost zero, solving the safety problem. The method of making blood cells by human embryonic stem cells or iPS cells is more advantageous.
However, some researchers say that such cells are not as proliferating in the laboratory as iPS cells and embryonic stem cells, so it may be a huge challenge to get the large number of transformed cells needed for practical applications.
George Daley, a stem cell biologist at Boston Children's Hospital, also believes that although experiments have shown that the transformed blood stem cells are not much different from adult blood cells, whether they behave in the same way after transplanting them into patients Like adult blood, it is too early to make a point.
Christie Williams, director of the Canadian Cancer Society Institute, said that blood cells from the patient's own skin cells have unlimited potential and are expected to match the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and blood donation required for bone marrow transplants. Be the past. In addition, the new research has great potential to improve the treatment of many cancers such as solid tumors and leukemia.

Source: Technology Daily

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