In recent years, due to the influence of extreme weather, frost damage in wheat fields has occurred from time to time, which seriously threatens wheat production. Scientific preventive and remedial measures are adopted in a timely manner to make wheat production more profitable and harmless. This is an important measure to ensure high and stable wheat production.
The main factors influencing the occurrence of wheat freeze injury: and wheat varieties susceptible to frost damage, sowing date, sowing rate, climatic factors, seedlings, lyrics, soil preparation and so on, will all affect the occurrence of wheat freeze injury. In addition to the temperature, the severity of winter wheat injury is also related to the age of the young wheat before winter, which is related to the degree of strong, prosperous and weak winter wheat seedlings. In general, the appropriately sown wheat seedlings grow robustly and have strong cold resistance. From the analysis of individual wheat individuals, when the average daily temperature reached 0°C, when wheat began to enter the wintering period, the main stem of winter varieties had 6 leaves or 6 leaves and 1 heart, 5 to 7 tillers per plant, and 7 to 10 Secondary roots; the main stem leaf age for the winter-wintered varieties is 6 leaves, 3 to 5 tillers per plant, and 5 to 7 secondary roots; the main stem leaf age for spring varieties is 5 leaves or 5 leaves and 1 heart. 2 to 3 tillers, 3 to 5 secondary roots, which can be considered as strong seedlings and strong in cold resistance. The seedlings with a leaf age higher than the above-mentioned index have a significantly lower cold resistance; the seedlings with a leaf age slightly lower than the above index are also better at cold resistance; weak seedlings with a significantly lower leaf age than the above-mentioned indicators have weaker cold resistance. , but better than Wang Miao. In addition, among the varieties that are suitable for planting locally, those with relatively strong winteriness are not susceptible to freezing. Soil preparation in poor quality wheat fields, because the soil is not submerged or too shallow so that the wheat tiller section is in arid soil, so it is vulnerable to freezing damage. In summary, the wheat fields that are prone to freezing injury include: 1 seedlings that grow too early and long; 2 groups that grow too large and prolonged; seedlings that grow too much nitrogen; and 4 seedlings that are thick and overhead; Shallow dew seedlings; 6 Dehydration seedlings caused by soil drought; 7 Weak seedlings caused by frost damage; 8 Yellow thin and weak seedlings with insufficient soil fertility.
The remedial measures after freezing injury in wheat fields: wheat fields after frost damage can not easily destroy other crops. The axillary buds of small and medium tillers and small tillers of a wheat plant can grow and develop into effective tillers with efficient fertilization. The remedial measures taken are as follows:
1. Apply nitrogen fertilizer in time to promote the rapid growth of small tillers.
The main stem and the wheat fields that have been frozen in the Oita field are topped with urea 10 kg/mu after thawing in the field. To the jointing stage of wheat combined with water application fertilizer, 10 kg/mu urea. 2. Generally frozen wheat fields, only the leaves freeze, no dead phenomenon, early spring should be scratching early, increase the temperature, and promote the return of green wheat seedlings; in the beginning of the top dressing watering, improve the rate of tillering tillers. 3. Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water in the middle and later stages to prevent premature aging.
Because of the more nutrients consumed by the plants in the frozen wheat fields, premature aging is prone to occur. On the basis of the first topdressing in the spring, look at the growth and development status of the wheat seedlings. According to the needs of the wheat seedlings, apply topdressing at the jointing stage or the flag-raising stage, promote large panicles and grains, increase the grain weight, and strive to minimize the loss of freezing damage and improve Wheat production that year.
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