Dry pepper seedling raising technology

Peel of prickly ash is a precious spice, and seeds are the raw material of high-grade edible oil. The content of all kinds of volatile aromatic substances in pepper skin is as high as 9%, which is not only a good raw material for the production of advanced food flavors, but also a superior food condiment; the oil content of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed is as high as 30%, and Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds and seeds can be used as medicine. With appetite, spleen, enhance physical function. At present, Zanthoxylum has been favored by many people and has become more valuable. However, due to the adoption of traditional methods of raising seedlings, it will lead to a series of problems such as weak resistance, short economic life, and poor product quality that commonly exist in seedlings, which seriously restricts the development of the pepper industry. The development of pepper production, seedlings is the foundation, and the cultivation of high quality and strong seedlings is directly related to the output of the garden and the life span of the tree, which is the primary job for the production of pepper production. The pepper seed shell is hard, contains oil, is not easy to absorb water, has poor permeability, is difficult to germinate, has a short shelf life at room temperature, and is prone to lack of dry land and is difficult to emerge. The timing of seed treatment and seeding is the key to the success of seedlings in dry land. Seed treatment directly affects the germination rate and yield. After a long period of practice, the author explored a set of techniques for raising pepper seedlings in dry land, which are described below. 1. The selection of seed collection and seed collection trees is the key to seed harvesting. Choose a prickly aged tree with a pure, good quality, many results, robust growth, and no pests and diseases as the seed mother tree (age of 10-15 years); Seeds usually ripen in late July. Appropriate seed collection period is when the pericarp is red to varying degrees (due to the variety), 15% to 20% of the peel is cracked, and the seeds are black and shiny. At this time, the seeds are fully mature. Seize the time for harvesting; harvested ears should be spread indoors or in a cool place, often turning to make it ventilate. After the peel is peeled off, gently shake the seeds to get rid of them, get the pure seeds and then spread thinly in the room. In order to avoid mildew, avoid exposure. Second, the seed treatment 1. Autumn seed treatment seed treatment is the focus of oil removal. There are more empty grains in peppercorns, accounting for more than 50% of the total. Before the treatment, water selection should be performed first to remove empty grains and to remove oil from the seeds that are full of grains. Put the seeds into a water tank or an iron pan and bake the seeds for 4 to 5 minutes with boiling water, and then quickly add cold water to 30~40°C. Second, add the oil to the seeds to be poured into 2% alkaline water or 1% The detergent powder is soaked in water for 2 to 3 days. During the soaking process, the brooms and sticks are used to stir and rinse, and the surface oil is removed. The third is washing. The water soaked in the seeds contains a lot of oil, so it should be rinsed with clean water until the surface of the seed is seen. Go up to the black but not shine, then remove the seeds and stack them for 1~2 days. Then, you can use them for sowing. Mix the seeds with the plant ash before sowing. The humidity of the ash should be hand-kneaded into groups. The ratio of ash to plantwood is 1:2 to 3, and after mixing well, sows are sown. 2. The seed to be sowed in spring should be treated with sand for about 50 days. The seed should be mixed with 3 times the wet sand (not mud), the humidity of the river sand should be controlled by the hand, and the hand should be scattered by the degree. . Choose a well-drained, warm place, dig a trench that is 1 meter wide and 40 to 50 centimeters deep, put the seeds in, stack 10 to 15 centimeters thick, and then cover the soil 10 to 15 centimeters. Water infiltrate, cover wet soil, in the soil Thawing should be done as soon as possible after thawing. Third, sowing and sowing can be carried out in the spring and autumn. There are more rainfall in spring and the areas where the soil is humid or where irrigation is available can be sowed in spring. The arid area is suitable for autumn sowing. (1) Autumn seedlings are planted from late October to early November. Seeds are used to complete the germination process in the soil, which reduces the winter storage and germination process. The seeds germinate early in the second spring and the seedlings grow longer. But the seeds are vulnerable to birds and animals. Seeding method: ditch seeding, seedbed size, width 150 cm, length can be made according to the situation on the ground. The bottom of the seedbed is leveled, with 4 to 5 rows of furrows, 5 cm of furrow depth, and 10 to 15 kg per mu. After sowing, cover a layer of 2 to 3 cm thick fine soil, covering up to 5 cm in arid areas. Gently repress after covering so that the seed and soil are tightly bound. In order to conserve moisture, reduce irrigation, inhibit weeds, prevent bird and animal harm, increase germination rate, and can be covered with wheat stubble or sawdust after sowing, and can also be covered with plastic film if conditional. (2) Spring nursery should be planted after the soil is thawed and when the underground temperature rises, from mid-March to early April. Fourth, management after sowing 1. Prevent sunburn seedlings just unearthed, in case of high temperature exposure of the weather, to cover the plastic film, buds are often easy to aerate the sprouts or seedlings are bent, should be timely plastic film tile floor change A small arch shed, and often observe changes in temperature and humidity inside the shed, to maintain the shed temperature does not exceed 30 °C, humidity to maintain more than 80%, when most of the seedlings unearthed should be ventilated to practice seedlings, and gradually remove the plastic film. 2. Seedlings, Dingmiao when the seedlings grow to 4 ~ 5 cm time seedlings, seedlings about 10 cm high Dingmiao. Leave a strain every 8~10 centimeters and leave 2~30,000 plants per acre. Miaomiao, Dingmiao, to stay strong, to stay high to go short, stay health to disease. Thinning and Dingling should be combined with loose soil weeding. 3. When the weeding and weed seedlings grow to a certain height, remove the weeds in the ground in time to avoid competing with the seedlings to compete for fertilizer, compete for water, and win light. In due course, cultivating the soil can loosen the soil and prevent soil water from being lost. Guaranteed no weeds in the field. Generally, at least 4 times of cultivating in seedling growth period. 4. After fertilization irrigation seedlings unearthed. The rapid growth began in late mid-May and entered the peak of growth in the middle and late June. It was also the period when most fertilizers and water were needed. During this time, it was necessary to top-dress one or two times, mainly applying available nitrogen fertilizer to promote the growth of seedlings. In case of rainy weather, apply ammonium sulfate or urea 5~10 kg per acre. Topdressing nitrogen fertilizer must not be too late, otherwise the seedlings are long and the degree of lignification is poor, which is not conducive to wintering seedlings. 5. Prevention of pests and diseases Prickly ash seedlings often have blight, leaf spot and other hazards, in addition to careful attention to choose a good nursery, the soil and seeds should also be sterilized. Use 50% carbendazim or 70% methyl thiophanate powder 5 grams per square meter to mix well with bed soil. Seedling disease, spray the diseased plant and the surrounding soil with Formamide 600x solution or Dixone 1000X solution. In the process of growth, common tarograss, red spider, and long-horned cows endanger the seedlings, and can spray 80% dichlorvos 1500 times on sunny evenings.

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