The so-called delayed cultivation means that in the cooler autumn season, when the cucumbers in summer and autumn have no longer been able to grow, the cultivation of the cucumber is continued using the greenhouse insulation and frost protection. The climate characteristics of this cornice are contrary to the cultivation of greenhouses in early spring. In the early stage, it was in a high temperature and rainy season, and in the later period, it was cooled rapidly. Therefore, the selection of varieties requires strong disease resistance, heat resistance, early fruiting, dense melons, and concentrated harvesting. At present, the main varieties are Jinchun No.4, Jinchun No.5 and Jinyou No.4.
First, sowing:
1. Sowing period: early sowing, catching up with high temperature and rain at the seedling stage, serious disease, and high yield in the early stage, but at the same time when the autumn cucumbers are listed on the open soil, it is not conducive to delay the supply, but also affect the output value. When sowing late, the temperature dropped sharply in the late growth period, affecting the production in the middle and later periods and lowering the output value. The planting period in Tianjin is suitable from late July to early August. The growth period is generally about 100 days.
2. Soil preparation: After the crop is harvested, it is necessary to remove the fallen leaves in time to reduce the diseases and insect pests, and to reduce the pests and diseases, and to apply the base fertilizer to the farmer's fertilizer and incorporate diammonium phosphate or compound fertilizer at a rate of 30 kg per mu. plot. Low-lying sorghum is more used to facilitate drainage and keeping seedlings, generally 130 cm in length, planted in two rows and 10 cm in height.
3. Lives on the sheds: After the cultivation of the autumn sheds, it is mainly directed. There are two ways of live streaming and live sheds. Open sowing, although saving plastic film, but due to high temperature and rain, cucumber stems and leaves susceptible to damage after emergence, especially after irrigating the root easily dead seedlings, resulting in lack of seedlings broken ridge, pests and diseases are also serious. Therefore, the production of more use of sheds live broadcast, open ventilation after sowing, leaving only the top of the film used to shade rain. The density of the cucumber planting in the greenhouse in autumn can be slightly larger. The row spacing is 60 cm, the spacing between plants is 20-30 cm, and the ditch is formed by row spacing. The ditch is 3 to 4 cm deep. The foot water is poured, and the water is planted every 7 to 8 cm. 1 to 2 dry seeds, generally do not soak germination, after sowing, covering the earth, forming a fish back and a little repression.
Second, preservation of seedlings:
1. The seedlings: After the fall, the greenhouses are sown 3 to 4 days after sowing, that is, when the dome soil emerges. At this time, the soil is backed with a flat stubble. After one week out of the seedlings, the first thinning is performed until the first true leaf grows. The second time the seedlings, grow to 3 to 4 true leaves can be determined by plant spacing.
2. Filling seedlings: Live seedlings can easily cause seedling deficiency, and seedlings can be transplanted in the early morning or evening to ensure seedlings. When filling seedlings, pay attention to pouring enough water. Preserving seedlings is the prerequisite for obtaining high yields.
Third, temperature and humidity control and fertilizer management:
1. High-temperature period: From sowing to the upper and middle of September, the cucumber is in the period from the seedling stage to the root-length stage. At this time, high temperature and rainy weather, in addition to the roof buckle film, surrounded by open large ventilation, play a cooling effect of rain in the arbour, when the rain can be put down the film, immediately after the rain stopped, and pay attention to timely drainage and prevent flooding Internal water, causing the roots to suffocate and die. After the rain, water is fine and timely, which plays a role in cooling irrigation.
2. Moderate period: From early September to early October, it is the period of strong growth of cucumbers in greenhouses after the fall. During the day, ventilation and ventilation should be strengthened. The temperature in the shed should be controlled at 25 to 30°C during the day and 15 to 18°C ​​at night. When the outside temperature is 15°C or above, the ventilation openings cannot be closed. Into the melon period, the fertilizer and water supply should be sufficient, generally with water, fertilizer, manure and manure alternating use, fertilizer to urea, acid and ammonia-based. However, it is necessary to dilute the small water and fertilize the fertilizer. At this stage, foliar spraying can also be carried out, especially in continuous rainy days, and the external fertilizer can ensure the needs of plant growth and development. Its formula is 0.5% urea, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and various nutrients such as green wind 95 , spray Shi Bao.
3. Low-temperature period: After entering mid-October, the outside temperature gradually decreases, and at this time, the amount of air is gradually reduced as the climate changes. Keeping it at 25°C during the day, keeping it at about 15°C at night, and leaving it below 13°C, leaving no air outlet at night, closing the greenhouse, ensuring adequate temperature, meeting the needs of cucumber growth, and extending the growing period as much as possible is the key to management. Pay special attention to the invasion of the first frost. The Tianjin region generally frosts for the first time in late October. At this stage, the growth of cucumber is slow, and the requirements for fertilizer and water are relatively reduced. To reduce the humidity in the greenhouse, strict control of watering, generally 10 to 15 days, once poured.
Fourth, coordinate the growth of melons:
Autumn shed cucumber growth period is short, fruiting period only 40 days. Therefore, in the early stage, the main promotion is to cultivate the strong seedlings and differentiate flower buds. In the early stage of fruiting melon, the main vine was melon-dominated and more than 12 branches were removed. After the melons were left, 3 to 4 side branches were left. Each side branch left one melon and one leaf topping and reached the main side branch at the same time. In the later stages of the squash, the old leaves and diseased leaves at the bottom were properly removed to reduce nutrient consumption and ensure the growth of melon strips.
In some areas, the increase in the number of female flowers is often treated with growth hormone ethephon. Here we also introduce: Generally when the seedling grows to a large leaf, the cucumber seedlings are sprayed at a concentration of 100 ppm and sprayed once every 2 days for a total of 3 sprays. However, attention should be paid to the size of the agricultural crops. Too high concentrations have flowers topping and slow growth; the effects of low concentrations are not obvious. In addition, it should be used in the morning to avoid the high temperature spraying at midday to produce phytotoxicity.
The main common diseases of cucumber in autumn greenhouses are downy mildew and disease. In addition to insect pests, tea locusts, leaf miners and cabbage caterpillars have also developed in recent years. It should still be prevention-oriented.
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