Symptoms mainly harm the leaves and stems. In the early stage, only small yellowish spots appeared on both sides of the leaves, with a diameter of about 1mm, and the color gradually deepened, showing yellowish-brown or rust brown, and the spots expanded and uplifted to form the urediaspores heap. The spores of the summer spores fly out of the harpy harps spores, resulting in the development of new uredia spores and uredia spores. The entire diseased leaves or stems are full of urediaspores, and the uredia spores on the leaves and stems in the later stages. A dark brown oval or irregular teliospore formed gradually, and the epidermis collapsed and curled to the left and right sides, emitting a black powder called teliospores.
The pathogen Uromyces fabae (Pers.) de Bary refers to Tetranychus urticae, a basidiomycotina fungus. Single host parasitic. The summer spores were born on both sides of leaves or petioles and stalks. They were buried at the beginning and broke through the epidermis. They were brown-red in size and were 0.2-1.0 mm in size. The summer spores are light brown, spiny, spherical to elliptic, 22 to 3316 to 27 (f4m) in size, 1.5 to 2.5 um wall thickness, and 3-5 bud holes. The teliospore was born on either side of the leaves or petioles and stems, 1 to 5 mm long, dark brown or black. The winter spores are oval-shaped, round or flat at the top, slightly narrow at the bottom, and are 22–4215–39 (um) in size.
Transmission routes and onset conditions Northern winter winter spores attached to faba bean diseased plants. The burden and basidiospores are produced at the time of germination. The basidiospores fall off after maturation and are transmitted to the host leaf by air flow. When the germination occurs, the germ tube is generated and directly invaded the broad bean. Then the sexual organ, sexual spore and rust chamber and rust spores are generated in the diseased part. , And then the formation of summer spores produce uredia spores, the formation of reinfection through the air flow, the formation of winter cyperus piles in winter and winter phospores. Southern infestation and re-infestation with the summer spores complete the infestation cycle. The occurrence of rust is closely related to temperature, humidity, variety and sowing date. The rust fungus is warm and humid, and the temperature is 14-24°C. It is suitable for spore germination and infestation. The summer spores increase rapidly, and the temperature is 20-25°C. Therefore, most of the broad bean producing areas are affected after the temperature rises in March-April, especially. The spring rainy season is popular. The temperature in winter and spring in Yunnan Province is high. Soon after the early sowing of broad beans, the onset of disease began, and the onset center was formed. From February to March of the following year, it was rainy and prone to occur. From the perspective of soil quality and topography, low-lying water, heavy soil, dense growth, and poor permeability are serious. The stems and leaves of the lower part of the plant develop early and heavy. Early-maturing cultivars have a short growing period and can avoid disease.
Prevention and control methods must adopt a comprehensive prevention and control method to receive better results. (1) timely sowing, to prevent the onset of pre-winter disease, reduce the pathogenic base number, avoiding the rust disease at the end of the reproductive period. (2) Early-maturing varieties were selected and harvested before or near the maturity of rust. (3) Proper close planting, ditching drainage, timely pruning, and reducing the humidity in the field. (4) Do not plant summer broad bean or early broad bean, reduce the source of winter and spring bacteria; winter sowing and washing with water can also reduce the incidence. (5) Spray 30% solid lime sulfur 150 times solution or 15% triterpenoid wettable powder 1000-1500 times solution, 50% rustin emulsion 800 times solution, 50% sulfur suspension agent 200 times, 25% of the enemy's de-emulsified oil 3000 times, 25% of the enemy de-emulsified oil 4000 times plus 15% triterpenoid WP 2000 times, every day around Sichuan days, continuous control 2-3 times.
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