Summer sesame high yield and stable cultivation techniques

Sesame is generally considered to be a low-yielding crop, which is often sporadically cultivated and extensively managed, resulting in low yield and instability. Practice has shown that through scientific cultivation and standardized cultivation and management, sesame can achieve high yields and stable yields, resulting in higher economic benefits. In order to guide the local sesame production, we carried out research on high-yielding and high-efficient cultivation techniques of summer sesame in Jinnan from 2002 to 2005. Through a series of experiments and demonstrations, we summarized a set of cultivation techniques that enabled the production of summer sesame seeds with high yields and yields. The average yield is 1500kg. / hectare or more.
1 The selection of good varieties and selection of suitable local varieties is the basis for seizing the high yield of summer sesame seeds. The sesame seeds suitable for summer sowing in Jinnan include Jinzhi No. 1, Minzhi No. 3, Yuzhi No. 4 and Linzhi No. 5, etc. These varieties showed strong growth, good precocity, resistance to disease and drought, and good quality.
2 Rotation of soil preparation for sesame-seed boring and plucking, and even sesame seeds are susceptible to wilt disease, epidemics, and other diseases, and their growth is weakened and the yield is significantly reduced. Rotation should be carried out. It is advisable to make a rotation every 3 to 4 years. After harvesting of the current crop (such as wheat, rape, etc.), the base fertilizer should be applied in time and the crop should be ploughed and hoeed, and the land should be flattened. Should generally be Mushi rotting farmyard fertilizer 3000 ~ 4000kg, nitrophosphate 15 ~ 20kg (or urea 10kg, superphosphate 20kg), potassium sulfate 10kg.
3 Early harvesting during the grab to ensure that the whole seedling summer sesame seeds should highlight an early word, especially the wheat glutinous sesame seeds should be fertilized immediately after the wheat is harvested. Planting should generally be completed by June 15th. The sooner the better. Separation of seedlings by sesame seedlings is the key to high and stable yields. The main measures to ensure that all seedlings are planted are: 1 Spreading seeds. Use a plough or hoe to open the ditch, ditch depth 4 ~ 5cm; the seeds evenly sprinkled in the ditch and ditch, and then pedal cracking and dragging to cover, this can cause seed sowing different depth, deep sowing 3 ~ 4cm, shallow sowing 1 ~ 2cm, deep sowing at the end of a good time to facilitate the emergence of seedlings, can prevent dry sunny cooked buds, shallow broadcast conducive to the emergence of cloudy after rain. 2 Seed sowing 2 times. The first time deep sowing 3 ~ 4cm, the second time the original broadcast line shallow broadcast 1 ~ 2cm, after the broadcast suppression suppression. (3) Seedlings with seeding or ditching, shallow seeding, seeding depth of 1~2cm, repression after sowing, timely irrigation, 3 to 5 days to complete the seedlings. The sowing amount is generally 500-800g/mu.
4 Reasonable close planting of seedlings and seedlings due to fast growth and short growth period, the reasonable density for high yield is 11,000 to 13,000 strains/mu for single culm varieties, 33 to 40 cm 15 cm for plant spacing, and 0.7 to 0.8 million for branched varieties. The plant/mu is appropriate, and the general plant spacing is 40cm20cm. As sesame seeds are small, many seedlings are produced, seedlings grow slowly, and in order to promote strong early-onset seedlings, the seedlings should be seeded twice during the period of 1 to 2 true leaves, to stay weak and strong, and to prevent seedlings, in the case of 3-4 true leaves, Determine the seedlings according to the planned density and spacing, leaving enough seedlings.
5 Cultivated soil to eliminate weeds and cultivators is effective in promoting sesame growth and high yield. Sesame grows in high temperatures and rainy seasons. After the ground is exposed to rain or water, it is easy to build up and weeds. It should be cultivating loose soil and weeding. Usually 2 to 3 pairs of cultivating in true leaf stage and early flowering stage. The cultivator depth should be determined according to the growth stage of sesame, soil moisture content and weed condition. In combination with the last cultivator, roots should be cultivated to facilitate drainage or irrigation. Prevent waterlogging, drought and lodging. Herbicides can also be used to control weeds, and 2 to 3 days before seeding, 50% acetochlor per acre 100 ~ 150ml water 40 ~ 50kg uniform surface spray, can effectively prevent a variety of monocotyledon and dicotyledons grass.
6 Scientific topdressing chemistry regulates the short growth period of sesame, requires large amount of fertilizer, and concentrates. On the basis of the application of base fertilizer, it is also necessary to apply topdressing fertilizer in a timely manner. At the beginning of flowering stage, combined with irrigation or pre-rain, 5 kg of urea or 10 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per acre is applied. In the whole flowering period and the result period, pests and diseases are prevented and the leaves are sprayed with 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% borax solution for 2 or 3 times. The number of pods per plant, number of pods and 1000-grain weight can be significantly increased. In order to prevent sesame grow long, reduce the internode length at the base of sesame stems, enhance resistance to lodging, and promote multifloral and fruity, 20% Dinocycline 10-15ml or 40% paclobutrazol 10-15g water 50kg 3 4 Spray the leaves from true leaf stage to full flower stage 1 or 2 times.
7 Integrated pest management
7.1 Methods of Prevention and Control of Major Diseases The common diseases of Jinnan summer sesame seeds are mainly blight, stem blight and epidemics. Comprehensive prevention and control methods are: 1 selection of disease-resistant varieties; 2 rational rotation, should not be connected; 3 drainage ditch to prevent waterlogging; 4 do a good job of 3 periods of drug control, sowing time with 50% carbendazim WP 5g Seeds 500g; after emergence, 70% thiophanate-methyl or anti-dry-ling 500-600 times spray before emergence; full-flowering 40% carbendazim gel suspension 100-150g spray water, every 7 ~ Spray 10 times a day, even spray 2 or 3 times.
7.2 Main pest control methods The main pests are ground tigers, aphids, and sesame moths. Comprehensive prevention and control methods: 1 Take agricultural measures such as early sowing, eradicating weeds, eradicating pests, etc.; 2 Blacklight lamp trapping and killing adults and other physical control; 3 Use crystals such as trichlorfon, imidacloprid, and chrysanthemums for chemical control.
8 Timely harvesting in a timely manner The harvest usually takes place 25 to 30 days before the full flowering period, and the top growth point is removed in the sunny afternoon. Topping can effectively reduce the consumption of empty nutrient, promote grain filling and improve product quality. Sesame and pod pods are inconsistent in their maturation period, generally harvested at the base of leaves, pods from green to yellow, lower 2 to 3 pods, central pods full, and seed coats presenting an appropriate color for harvest. After harvesting, they are bundled into small bundles, and are piled together for 1 to 2 days and then stand on a stand for drying. After the pods are dried and cracked, the bundles are beaten and threshed, and the granules are sun dried and selected for storage.

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