According to the summary of relevant practical experience, we must take comprehensive prevention and control measures against several diseases such as wilt disease, anthrax, and bacterial keratoses that occur during the growth and development of watermelons in order to obtain a bumper harvest.
First, the identification of several major diseases
(1) Fusarium wilt disease is a soil-borne disease. Seeds, fertilizers, and soil can all be carriers. Bacteria can generally survive in the soil for 5-6 years, grow at 8-30°C, and have a suitable temperature of 24-28. °C. The bacteria usually invade from the wound or apex of the root, grow and develop in the vascular bundle of the rhizome, and block the vascular bundles, limiting the transport of water and inorganic salts, causing the leaves to wither and the plants to die.
(b) Anthracnose This disease occurs during the growing season and can also occur during fruit storage and transportation. It is a fungal disease. Overwintering on soils or residues can be spread by wind, rain, and insects. Generally, high humidity is the main cause of the disease.
(c) Bacterial leaf spot disease mainly damages the leaves and also harms the fruits and stem vines. The bacteria overwinters in the soil with watermelon seeds or plant diseases, mainly by insects and rain. Appropriate temperature 22-24 °C, relative humidity more than 70%.
Second, comprehensive control methods
(1) Seed treatment should be soaked in warm water at 55°C for 20 minutes, or soaked in 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times for 1 hour, or soaked in 0.1% potassium permanganate 1,000 times for 1 hour, rinsed with water. After germination.
(b) The cultivation of strong seedlings and bed soils requires the addition of decomposed organic fertilizers. When the soil temperature stabilizes at above 10°C, sowing. After emergence, keep at 23-28°C during the day and 10°C at night.
(3) Rotation generally takes 2-3 years of rotation, such as the prevention of wilt disease, which can be implemented for more than 6 years of rotation.
(4) Grafting and disease prevention In order to control watermelon wilt disease more effectively, black-skinned pumpkins can be used as rootstocks for grafting. After grafting, it can not only improve the disease resistance, but also improve the cold resistance of the plants and improve the quality of the watermelon.
(e) Chemical control For any disease, early detection and prevention must be done. 70% of thiophanate-methyl 300-fold or 70% of mancozeb 600-800-fold spray can be used for wilt disease. Spray every 5-7 days for a total of 2-3 sprays. Disease can be used 30% of the DT fungicide 400-500 times, or 800-1000 times potassium permanganate spray, or control with agricultural streptomycin.
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