The burdock is also known as a strong child and a bat sting. Its fleshy roots are not only rich in nutrients, but also have functions of promoting blood circulation, preventing stroke, overcoming constipation, lowering blood sugar, strengthening the body, and the like. As a nutritious and health-care specialty vegetable, it has a good market and high profitability. In recent years, farmers in many regions have begun to introduce species. However, diseases and insect pests have always restricted the production of rinderpest, and early prevention and control measures are the top priority for rinderpest production. The following describes several common pests and diseases and comprehensive control methods for farmers to reference. First, the symptoms and conditions of disease 1. Black spot mainly damage the leaves and stems. When the lesions merge for a long time, the leaves will be withered early. When the humidity is high, the lesions will be rust-brown and the diseased leaves will be round or irregular in shape. When the outer edges of the lesions are rims, a black mold layer will grow on the lesions. Spots are oval-shaped at the beginning, expanding up and down, sinking in the middle, turning black and moldy, and lodging in the whole plant. Diseased leaves occur from the bottom up and spread to neighboring plants. Warm damp or foggy more dew exposure is beneficial, and the old leaves of plants that are deficient in fertility are more susceptible to disease. The disease usually begins in June, with high temperatures and heavy rains from August to October. 2. Keratosis mainly damages the leaves. The victim's leaf was initially spotted with a fresh green water-stained lesion, which was gradually pale brown in shape, and later became dry and perforated; the stem was stained at the initial stage with water stains, and the posterior stem expanded longitudinally. Ulcers or fissures were severe and brown and dry. In the temperature of 24 ~ 28 °C, relative humidity of 70% or more, the occurrence of the disease is extremely beneficial, the disease is most likely to occur in the rainy season, after the onset of drought in the event of symptoms. Large temperature difference between day and night, heavy condensation and long duration, the incidence of heavy. 3. Powdery mildew mainly damages the leaves. The white leaves of the affected leaves were born with uneven density, and the later spots merged with each other. The surface of the leaves was covered with white powder until the leaves were yellow. Warm and heavy fog, heavy dew weather is heavy. Soil fertility is insufficient or partial application of nitrogen fertilizer is easy to induce the disease. 2. Insect pest damage characteristics 1. Golden worm larvae eat freshly germinated seeds, radicles, and underground parts of stalks in soil, causing seedlings to wither and die, resulting in lack of seedlings and ridges; autumn also foraging roots, affecting appearance and quality. . 2. Scarabae larvae eat diseased seedlings and roots. Adults only eat harmful leaves and some crop leaves, which can cause seedlings to die, resulting in lack of seedlings and ridges. The roots of the fleshy roots were missing holes and seriously affected the value of food. 3. Locust hi concentrated in the tender leaves, tender head to draw juice, so that the leaf curling yellow, poor growth. Third, disease prevention and control 1. The implementation of the rotation of burdock most avoid continuous, generally 5 to 6 years of rotation for 1 time, at least 3 years, the first to pick the best vegetables. 2. Remove the diseased leaves in a timely manner after removing the sterilized source, remove the diseased bodies after harvesting, and burn them centrally or deeply. 3. Strengthen the cultivation and management of basal fertilizers, pay attention to the application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, avoid nitrogen or fertilizer deficiency, and enhance host disease resistance. Seedlings are not tolerant to drought and avoid soil drought. We must keep the soil moist. The rainy season should be clear and clean, timely drainage after the rain, reduce the humidity in the field, such as continuous flooding for 2 days, straight root is rot. 4. In the early stage of disease prevention and control, spray 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500 to 600 times, or 50% captan WP to 400 times, or 77% to kill 500 times of wettable powder, or 70% Mancozeb WP can be 600-800 times liquid, or 40% EB-400 times, which has better control effect on melasma. Diagonal spot disease should use 50% bismuth copper carboxylate (DT) fungicide, or 60% dimethoate aluminum phosphate (DTM) wettable powder 500 times, or 40% copper WP wettable powder 600 to 800 times liquid. , Or 72% of agricultural streptomycin wettable powder 3000 ~ 4000 times liquid. Among them, the copper citrate copper fertilizer and the Swiss toxic copper have a preventive effect on powdery mildew. The prevention of powdery mildew should use 15% triadimefon WP 1000 to 1500 times, or 60% anti-mildew ultrafine powder 600 to 700 times, or 2% Wuyimycin (B0-10) water 200 times Liquid, 30% solid lime sulfur 150 times. It should be prevented 10 times in about 10 days, and it should be prevented 2 or 3 times. IV. Pest control 1. Ground pest prevention and control of golden worms, cockroaches, etc. (1) Reasonable arrangement of mouth rinsing. For the former crops, beans, peanuts, sweet potatoes and corn plots are often heavy, and other plots should be planted. (2) The deep plowing of the front plutonium and the plowing of the early winter and the deep plowing before sowing can eliminate about 30% of the underground pests and help reduce the damage. (3) Avoid applying uncooked manure. Because of the unfamiliar manure, it has strong tropism towards the underground pests such as cockroaches, golden needleworms, and fly species, making adults tend to lay eggs. (4) Rationally apply chemical fertilizers. For some chemical fertilizers (such as carbon ammonia, ammoniated superphosphate, etc.) that can emit ammonia gas, they can be used properly. These fertilizers have a repellent effect on the underground pests. However, it should be noted that top dressing should be slightly away from the root to prevent burning. (5) When dead seedlings are found in the field, larvae are excavated immediately near the seedlings to eliminate them. (6) Chemical control and prevention: 1 Soil treatment combined with site preparation prior to sowing, 5% phoxim granules 1.5-2.5kg per 667m2, evenly scattered in the field, shallow plow into the soil or scattered into the sowing ditch. 2 Poison bait killing can be done with 50% phoxim EC or 40% dimethoate EC, or 90% trichlorfon 30 times with bran, which is sprayed on ground surface furrows in the evening for poisoning. 3 medicaments to kill 50% phoxim EC 1000 times, or 40% dimethoate 1000 times, or 80% trichlorfon soluble powder 1000 times. 2. Prevention and control of aphids As aphids reproduce quickly and spread rapidly, they must be controlled in time, and they are generally controlled by chemical agents. In the use of drugs should consider the choice of strong absorption of pesticides. For example, 50% anti-influx (dispelling mist) 2000 to 3000 times wettable powder or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 5000 times, has special effects on aphids, and is safe to natural enemies. Other options include 25% deltamethrin 3000x, 40% fenvalerate 4000x, 20% chrysanthemum 2000x, 25% leucomycin 1500x, and 40% dimethoate 1000x2000x. Liquid, 50% killer pine EC 800 to 1000 times liquid spray control. Note that the above-mentioned pyrethroids and organophosphorus pesticides should be used interchangeably to prevent drug resistance.
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