Astragalus bait domestication and cage culture techniques

1 Astragalus food and bait domestication technology
1.1 The dietary jaundice is a fierce carnivorous fish and prefers fresh live baits. Under natural conditions, it mainly eats large scale zooplankton such as clams, copepods, etc., and mainly eats cockroaches, cockroaches, small fish, shrimp, baby frogs, water-falling cockroaches, fly aphids, and various other aquatic and terrestrial insects.
1.2 Ingestion Astragalus due to visual deterioration, more at night, mainly rely on the sense of smell to feed. When the food is close to the mouth, the mouth slams and sucks the food, so when the quail eats, it always makes a "zaza" sound. Astragalus mainly eats food. When food is eaten without chewing, it will bite when it encounters a large animal and will bite the food one by one and then swallow it. Astragalus feeds quickly and after eating it quickly retracts into the original hole with its tail. In the case of insufficient feed, Astragalus has the habit of self-inflicted. Astragalus is resistant to hunger and will not die without eating for a long time. When the summer activity is strong, although the food intake is large, it is still resistant to hunger, but the weight will be significantly reduced. Once Huang Bo used to a certain kind of bait, it is difficult to change.
1.3 Sources of bait The main sources of bait are yellow maggots, fly maggots, and yellow mealworms. Small pieces of wasteland, garden corners, and waste ponds can be used. After the application of livestock manure, the waste from slaughterhouses is used, supplemented with bran, Dregs, etc. to cultivate. At the same time, terrestrial animal feed is cultivated, mainly for cockroach co-producing, etc., so that three animal feeds such as cockroaches, maggots, and yellow mealworms account for more than 60% of the total feed. In addition, fish, shrimp, snails, cockroaches, cockroaches, cockroaches can be used as a feed for astragalus. In the early spring, Dianchi Lake can be used to farm live carp, loach, alfalfa, etc., and used as a live bait for Astragalus mongolicus; in addition, according to local resources, the above-mentioned live feed can be collected, and after processing, an alfalfa or alfalfa enzyme can be added as an attractant to feed alfalfa; Large-scale zooplankton such as otters and rotifers can be harvested directly into Dianchi Lake. In addition, scaffolds are planted on the astragalus aquaculture pond to grow some melons, beans, and other plants that can shave, cool, and breed insects. Hanging black light above the pond encourages the insect pool to feed. In addition to the above sources of feed, the leftovers of livestock and poultry such as blood and internal organs are collected, rinsed, and shredded or minced and cooked and fed. The cocoon is purchased from the reeling factory and dried in the pond. Feed quail; In addition, squid compound feed can also feed quail. However, these feeds must be supplemented with attractant, and they can be fed by step-by-step feeding.
1.4 Fresh meat is selected for bait domestication. After being frozen, it is processed into meat loquats with a 6-mm die hole grinder. The meat loquats are added with fresh water and mixed in the dipping pool in the afternoon every day from 5:00 to 7:00. The amount is controlled within 1% of the total weight of the seedlings. The amount of this feed is far less than the amount of satiety eaten by Astragalus. Therefore, Astragalus is always in a state of starvation and it is easy to establish a conditional reflex for concentrated feeding of Astragalus membranaceus.
After 3 days, it was observed that the Astragalus ingested strong food, which was changed to fixed-point feeding. Generally, 4-6 points per 20 m2 were set and continued to be fed for 2 days. The fed amount was still 1% of the total weight of seedlings. Can finish in 3 minutes. On the 6th day, it was changed to artificially fed food. Feeding directly to the designated area when feeding, the amount of feeding increased to 2% of the total weight of seedlings. Every day from 5:00 to 7:00 in the afternoon feeding, special attention should be fed within 15 minutes for the degree to improve feed utilization.
1.5 Preparation of artificial diets with baicalin In general feedstuffs produced by feed mills cannot be fed directly and must be prepared first. Add 65% of the special feed for Astragalus to 35% of fresh Hokkien paste (processed with a 3-4 mm die grinder), mix well into a dough by hand or mixer, and then wring it with a 3-4 mm die. The meat machine is pressed into a soft bar-shaped bait with a diameter of 3-4 mm or so and a length of 3-4 cm, which can be fed by slightly air drying. The bait material thus prepared has an ideal feeding effect. In the large-scale farming with soil, the feed coefficient is about 2, and in the scaleless culture of soilless water, the feed coefficient is only 1.2-1.5.

2 Huanghua pond cage culture technology
2.1 Selection of Ponds Pond cage culture of Astragalus membranaceus is to set the cage in an ideal pond. Although Astragalus is highly adaptable to the environment, it is benthic life. It is hi to be found in shallow water bodies with many humus. It is easy to be warm, sheltered from wind, protected from light and scared. Therefore, it is recommended to choose sun, shelter, and water sources for cage culture. Convenient, less external interference ponds, the environmental conditions are good or bad, will directly affect the growth of Astragalus, and therefore the cultivation of ponds set by Astragalus membranaceus, requires that meet the conditions of intensive fish ponds.
(1) The terrain of the pond is slightly higher, the wind is leeward, the surrounding environment is quiet, the water source is adequate, the water quality is good, and it is not polluted.
(2) The shape of the pond should be as rectangular as possible, with an aspect ratio of 2:1 or 3:2.
(3) The pond is east-west direction, which can increase the sunshine time of the pond, is beneficial to the photosynthesis of the phytoplankton in the pond, and is beneficial to the supply of dissolved oxygen. When the dissolved oxygen in the water is more than 3mg/L, the jaundice activity is normal, and it is also conducive to floating in ponds. The growth and reproduction of animals such as cladocera and copepods increases the food intake of zooplankton in zooplankton.
(4) The area of ​​the pond is about 5 mu. The depth is 3 m and the water depth is 2-2.5 m. There is no impurity in the water and the transparency is 15-20 cm. The bottom of the pond should be flat and slightly inclined toward the drainage direction.
(5) Ponds should be protected with cement or stones.
2.2 Net cage structure The cage of the cage is made of polyethylene mesh cloth. The quality of the mesh cloth is good and the mesh is dense and uniform. The cage is open. The cage area is about 20-30 m2; the length of the cage is long and wide, and the height is 1.0 m. The water part is 0.4 m, and the underwater part is 0.6 m. The minimum requirements for cage settings are more than 1.5 m deep.
2.3 Net cage setup The cage enclosure is suspended and fixed in the water by brackets made of bamboo and angle iron. The four corners of the cage are connected to the upper and lower pulleys of the bracket to facilitate lifting, cleaning and catching of the cage, and can also be used for adjustment ( In cages, the habitat of the cockroaches changes as the water level changes. The width of the box is about 1.5 m apart. For example, a total cage area of ​​520 m2 can be set in a 2100 m2 fish pond.

(3) The quail species that are put into breeding are generally from artificial breeding or cage-harvesting. The quail species require bright, healthy and disease-free. The end of March or early April is the best delivery time.
3.1 Pre-deployment preparation After the fish pond is trimmed, 15 days before the caster planting, choose the sunny days to disinfect the quicklime clearing pond. The pool must have 8-10 cm of accumulated water, and the amount of quicklime is 50-70 kg per mu. The purchased species were sterilized with 3%-4% saline for 15 minutes and then placed in a cage.
3.2 Stocking Density The growth of Astragalus under different cage densities is shown in Table 1. From Table 1, it can be seen that the amount of stocking quail should be moderate, and the average species is 30g per tail and 4-5 kg ​​per m2. If the specifications of the species are not the same, they must be placed in the same cage and placed in the same cage when placed in cages to avoid differences in growth due to different ingestion abilities, or to cause mutualism.

Table 1 Growth of Astragalus membranaceus under different cage stocking densities Test sites Stocking densities Stocking specifications Agroculture cycle Harvesting yield Average size (kg/m2) (tail/kg) (months) (kg/m2) (tail/kg)
Youxi Thumb Garden Qiaosheng 1.34 34 5-12 3.12 15
Hongze Lake 4.00 28 6-10 9.20 14
Zhenjiang Dantu Farm 4.50 28 6-11 10.00 14

4 Feeding management
4.1 The management of water is first and foremost to keep the water level stable. Attention to heatstroke in summer, the water level should not be too shallow, to prevent the water temperature is too high and affect the growth of jaundice. Into the cage into the aquatic plants such as Anoectochilus, wind eye lotus, water lotus, etc., can effectively avoid the heat; 3 days for 1 Secondary water, changing water accounts for 1/2 to 1/3 of the whole pool. Change the water 1 times in spring and autumn. In winter, the temperature of pool water is reduced, and the yellow locusts stop feeding, enter hibernation, and do anti-freeze wintering work in a timely manner. At this time, the water level is maintained at a depth of 1.2 m or more, and a plastic film is placed on the cage to effectively avoid wind and cold.
4.2 Reasonable feeding
4.2.1 Types of bait The cages of Astragalus membranaceus are mainly used for feeding low-value small fish, snail meat, fly maggots, and oysters, or they have been domesticated and can be fed with special granule baits for yellow oysters. Tests have shown that if a single feed is used for a long period of time, antifeedants are likely to occur when the feed is changed in the middle.
4.2.2 Feeding amount The feeding amount depends on the type of feed, water temperature, water quality and the day of feeding. At the beginning of breeding, it is necessary to do a good job of bait work. The Huangqi Gangren Pool does not need to feed in 2-3 days, so that Huangqi can adapt to a new environment. When the first feeding is performed, it is because of the yellow locust burrowing in the daytime and foraging at night, so it must be In the evening, the amount of bait should be increased from little to large, and gradually increased; after the bait is over, the total weight of the pupa fed daily is 6% according to the “four settings” (quality, quantity, timing, positioning). - 7% of the bait, the bait should be cleared in time the next day. About 15 days later, Huang Hao began to adapt to the cage environment, and the feeding time was divided into 2 times, every day at 8:00 am and 6:00 pm. In case of severe shortage of bait-preventing food, jaundice will eat each other, so the number of feeding should be maintained every day.
As the water temperature was between 20-28°C, Astragalus ingested vigorously, while the water temperature dropped below 20°C and exceeded 29°C. Therefore, when the water temperature is below 20°C or above 29°C, it is only necessary to feed once a day in the evening. The feed is generally stopped until the end of November.
5 Disease Prevention Pond cages are mainly diseases of carp, most of which occur in summer. After carcasses are injured, they are caused by bacterial infection. The main symptoms are sickly and congestive, oval erythema, and abdomen. The side is most obvious, and the surface is punctured when severe, forming irregular holes. Control methods: Use 1-1.2 mg/L bleaching powder (containing 30% of available chlorine) to dissolve in water, and then splash the whole pool, which has certain curative effect.
There have been fevers in individual cages. The reason is that due to the high density of astragalus, the mucus produced by the body surface has accumulated in the water and fermented. The temperature of the water rises, and the yellow tangs are restless and entangled with each other. One of the preventive measures is to raise a small amount of mud in the Dianchi Lake, and swim through the muddy loach to prevent entanglement between the two. The second is to constantly change new water, increase oxygen, and control the disease.

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