Jianjian pear is one of the major fruit tree species in northern Liaoning Province and has been cultivated for more than 100 years. Sharp and juicy pear fruit, sweet and sour taste, soluble solids up to 15%, easy storage and frozen. Sharp pears have strong adaptability and can be cultivated in mountainous areas, hills, and sandy lands. They do not require strict soil requirements. They are well-grounded, fertile, and well-drained sandy loam. The high-yielding cultivation techniques of Jianjian pear are summarized below. I. Soil and Fertilizer Water Management 1. Soil management Deep-turning the tree tray to deepen the living soil layer to increase soil permeability, which is conducive to the growth and development of the root system, promotes the growth of the above ground and improves the drought resistance of the pear tree. Deep plowing is generally better in the autumn, depth 60-80 cm. 2. The fertilizing basal fertilizer is combined with deep tumbling after harvesting and before freezing. The sooner the better. Basal fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, applying 3000-4000 kg of organic fertilizer per 667 square meters, adding 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of superphosphate. Dressing is usually done 3 times a year. When the sap begins to flow in the spring, 0.5-1 kg of urea is applied to each tree to supplement the nutrients needed by the tree, which lays a good foundation for improving the fruit setting rate. After Xiehua, 0.5 kg of urea per plant was used to increase fruit setting rate. In the fruit enlargement period, 1 kg of compound fertilizer was applied in each plant to promote fruit growth and improve fruit quality. Fertilizer spraying, pre-spray 0.3% urea solution 2-3 times, in the middle and late spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3 times. 3. Watering Generally, water is poured 4 times a year. In spring, there are irrigation conditions. After top dressing, water is poured 1 time to promote the absorption and utilization of fertilizers. After flowering, water is combined with top dressing to increase the fruit setting rate. Pour water once during fruit enlargement to promote rapid fruit growth and flower bud differentiation. Combined with autumn fertilizing, a single irrigation of water promotes tree absorption of nutrients. Second, the pruning of pears in the Liaobei region is mostly old pear trees, and the focus of pruning is to prevent baldness in the internal organs. Adopt measures combining sparseness, shrinkage, and cut-off to carry out transformation and rejuvenation. Weed out large branches and competing branches, leggy branches, diseased and diseased branches, shriveled and weakened main lateral branches, and selected buds in suitable sites to make small updates, cultivate strong and strong branch groups, and cut and rejuvenate weak branches, in bald areas. The buds are wounded and bred to transform. The density of newly planted saplings is larger. It is better to use sparse layered and spindle-shaped crowns to cultivate the center stem and main branch and swing out the skeleton. Each year, the branches are cut or lightly cut in the branches, and branches and twists are used in summer to avoid twisting. Branches, twigs, circumcision, girdling and other measures are applied to the treatment of juvenile and prosperous branches to control their growth potential and promote their flowering results. After entering the result period, many years of continuous results can easily lead to drooping branches, the growth potential is reduced year by year, and the yield is reduced. Branches must be updated in time to restore the tree vigor. For branches with many years of continuous results or other long branches, pendulous branches, perennial long branches, retreat to the strong branches at the rear to increase tree vigor and increase yield. Third, thinning and sparsely fruiting pears The sparsely growing of the pears is carried out from the early stage of full bloom to the end of full bloom, and the thinning of fruit is generally carried out from the first week after flowering to within one month after the flowering. The sparse flowers are mainly inflorescences and are supplemented by sparse flowers, but they have to be doubled in size according to the amount of flowers in the year. When fruit thinning leaves only 2-3 fruits per inflorescence, fruit that is first flowering, fruit large, and fruit shape is the first choice, and the fruit ratio is set at 30:1. In addition, the fruit placement should be rationally laid out. Generally within the canopy and middle and lower layers of the canopy, more sparse sparsity should be maintained; the outer and upper layers of the canopy should be kept sparsely; the strong branches should be left more, the weak branches should be kept less; the auxiliary branches should be left more, and the main branches should be left less. If there are too many flowers and fruits, and the tree vigor is too weak, we must remove all the flowers and fruits from the front of the branches. 4. Diseases and Insect Pests Prevention Pear diseases and pests mainly include black spot disease, brown spot disease, pear hibiscus, and pear cultivars. The prevention and control method is to thoroughly clean the orchards after the leaves of the pear trees are defoliated, and the fallen leaves, weeds, and pests and diseases are transported outside the park and buried or burned. After the winter cut, the pests were removed, the bark was scraped in the early spring, and the lime sulfur was sprayed once before or after the deciduous. The first generation of nymphs of pear wood nymphs incubate at the peak stage, spray 10% imidacloprid 3000 times solution to treat aphids, etc., and then use them alternately with pyrethroid pesticides to prevent various pests. During the growing period of pear trees, 50% thiophanate-methyl, or 80% of Dasong M-45 WP 800-1000 times, or 70% of mancozeb 800-fold or 80% of chlorothalonil 800, are sprayed every half-month. - 1000 times liquid and other fungicides to prevent various diseases. In the initial stage of scab, spray 40% of new stars 10000 times or 25% of Fuxing 5000 times. Source: New Agriculture
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