In fish farming in rice paddies, rice can shelter the fish from the sun. Fish can weed the rice, remove insects, loosen the soil, improve ventilation and light conditions, and provide nutrients for rice. This symbiotic mode of rice and fish, in general, the overall benefit is 2 to 3 times that of pure rice. Compared with simply growing rice, it can save labor, fertilizer, and pesticides, and rice can increase production by 10% to 15%. Compared with pure fish, it can save feed, water, and land.
The paddy fields of fish farming must have sufficient water sources and no pollution, and meet the fishery water standards. The soil quality is good for clay loam soil. This kind of soil can keep water and protect fertilizer from falling down. In addition, the water intake and drainage system of the paddy fields should be complete and easy to operate. Rice fields with conditions can be transformed before transplanting to build field projects, including ring ditch, field ditch, fish pits, embankments, water inlet and outlet, and barrages. There are three common modes: First, a wide trench high dam type. Dig a ring ditch along the edge of the paddy field, which is 2 to 3 meters wide and 1.2 to 1.5 meters deep. Use the excavated soil to build a dam on the outside of the ring ditch so that the fish fry escapes when it overflows. Fish ditch area accounts for about 20% of the paddy field area. The second is the traditional model. In the field, a fish ditch with a width of 0.3 meters and a depth of 0.4 meters is excavated every 5 to 8 meters, and it is criss-cross and the grooves are connected. Dig a few more square meters of fish pits to prepare fish before transplanting and fish when baking. The third is the improved model. Excavate a ditch with a width of 1 to 1.5 meters and a depth of 0.6 to 0.8 meters to build a dam about 1 meter high.
The species of fish should be based on the conditions of the rice fields, economic strength, technical experience, and feed sources. It is possible to raise conventional fish as well as rare and famous breeds. It is possible to cultivate fish as well as to develop fish, as well as ornamental fish. The stocking of fingerlings is generally divided into winter and spring stocking and summer stocking. Fish that can tolerate low temperatures should be stocked in winter and spring, and they can be stocked in fish dung pits dug in advance; fish that are not resistant to low temperatures should be stocked in summer. The stocking density should be determined according to the size of the water body, the level of management, and the source of the feed, but the stocking density should be smaller than when the pond is cultured.
In order to achieve high yield and high efficiency, rice paddy fish should pay special attention to the following points:
One must rationally choose the breeding varieties. Rice should use medium and late-maturing varieties that are resistant to large fertilizers, coarse hard stems, lodging resistance, and high yield and disease resistance. When selecting fish species, market needs should be taken into account, targeting consumer tastes, and reserving as many famous and rare breeds with high demand and high value as possible.
Second, we must fully consider the source of feed. Although fish can be fed without feeding in paddy fields, the yield is very low. According to estimates, the natural fish production per mu of paddy field is only about 10 kilograms. To significantly increase production, feed must be continuously fed, and the use of feed is basically the same as that for fish farming in ponds.
Third, we must pay attention to regulating water quality. Due to the evaporation and leakage of field water, the effects of fertilization, residual baits, and fish manure, the water in rice fields will continue to deteriorate, acidity will increase, and dissolved oxygen will decrease. Therefore, we must pay close attention to improving water quality. Can be used to replace new water, application of quicklime water, appropriate application of chemical fertilizers and other methods to solve. Rice fields usually need to maintain a water depth of 5 to 10 centimeters, change the water every 7 to 10 days in spring and fall, and change the water every 3 to 5 days in summer. Quick lime water is applied every 15 to 20 days.
Fourth, we must correctly handle the contradiction between rice cultivation and fish farming. There is also a contradiction between rice cultivation and fish farming. Fish need more water, and rice needs to be field-baked. Rice needs fertilizing and fighting drugs, but it also affects the safety of fry growth. Therefore, attention must be paid to the solution of the contradiction between the two. When grilling the field, all fish ditch can be dredged first, and water can be slowly discharged to allow the fish to enter the fish ditch. When top dressing, you can put the water in shallow, fertilize less than once, and do not sprinkle it directly into the fish ditch pit. When pesticides are applied, species that are safer to fish should be used as far as possible. Drainage and drug-doping methods may be used when toxic drugs are no longer required, and deep-water pesticides may be used for lightly toxic drugs.
The paddy fields of fish farming must have sufficient water sources and no pollution, and meet the fishery water standards. The soil quality is good for clay loam soil. This kind of soil can keep water and protect fertilizer from falling down. In addition, the water intake and drainage system of the paddy fields should be complete and easy to operate. Rice fields with conditions can be transformed before transplanting to build field projects, including ring ditch, field ditch, fish pits, embankments, water inlet and outlet, and barrages. There are three common modes: First, a wide trench high dam type. Dig a ring ditch along the edge of the paddy field, which is 2 to 3 meters wide and 1.2 to 1.5 meters deep. Use the excavated soil to build a dam on the outside of the ring ditch so that the fish fry escapes when it overflows. Fish ditch area accounts for about 20% of the paddy field area. The second is the traditional model. In the field, a fish ditch with a width of 0.3 meters and a depth of 0.4 meters is excavated every 5 to 8 meters, and it is criss-cross and the grooves are connected. Dig a few more square meters of fish pits to prepare fish before transplanting and fish when baking. The third is the improved model. Excavate a ditch with a width of 1 to 1.5 meters and a depth of 0.6 to 0.8 meters to build a dam about 1 meter high.
The species of fish should be based on the conditions of the rice fields, economic strength, technical experience, and feed sources. It is possible to raise conventional fish as well as rare and famous breeds. It is possible to cultivate fish as well as to develop fish, as well as ornamental fish. The stocking of fingerlings is generally divided into winter and spring stocking and summer stocking. Fish that can tolerate low temperatures should be stocked in winter and spring, and they can be stocked in fish dung pits dug in advance; fish that are not resistant to low temperatures should be stocked in summer. The stocking density should be determined according to the size of the water body, the level of management, and the source of the feed, but the stocking density should be smaller than when the pond is cultured.
In order to achieve high yield and high efficiency, rice paddy fish should pay special attention to the following points:
One must rationally choose the breeding varieties. Rice should use medium and late-maturing varieties that are resistant to large fertilizers, coarse hard stems, lodging resistance, and high yield and disease resistance. When selecting fish species, market needs should be taken into account, targeting consumer tastes, and reserving as many famous and rare breeds with high demand and high value as possible.
Second, we must fully consider the source of feed. Although fish can be fed without feeding in paddy fields, the yield is very low. According to estimates, the natural fish production per mu of paddy field is only about 10 kilograms. To significantly increase production, feed must be continuously fed, and the use of feed is basically the same as that for fish farming in ponds.
Third, we must pay attention to regulating water quality. Due to the evaporation and leakage of field water, the effects of fertilization, residual baits, and fish manure, the water in rice fields will continue to deteriorate, acidity will increase, and dissolved oxygen will decrease. Therefore, we must pay close attention to improving water quality. Can be used to replace new water, application of quicklime water, appropriate application of chemical fertilizers and other methods to solve. Rice fields usually need to maintain a water depth of 5 to 10 centimeters, change the water every 7 to 10 days in spring and fall, and change the water every 3 to 5 days in summer. Quick lime water is applied every 15 to 20 days.
Fourth, we must correctly handle the contradiction between rice cultivation and fish farming. There is also a contradiction between rice cultivation and fish farming. Fish need more water, and rice needs to be field-baked. Rice needs fertilizing and fighting drugs, but it also affects the safety of fry growth. Therefore, attention must be paid to the solution of the contradiction between the two. When grilling the field, all fish ditch can be dredged first, and water can be slowly discharged to allow the fish to enter the fish ditch. When top dressing, you can put the water in shallow, fertilize less than once, and do not sprinkle it directly into the fish ditch pit. When pesticides are applied, species that are safer to fish should be used as far as possible. Drainage and drug-doping methods may be used when toxic drugs are no longer required, and deep-water pesticides may be used for lightly toxic drugs.
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