Barley Cyclina Sinensis Gmelin, commonly known as cockroaches, hapi, crickets, black cockroaches. As a subtropical species, it is an economical shellfish that is familiar to the south and north of China. Barley is delicious and nutritious, nutritious, and contains a variety of trace elements required by the human body. In particular, the content of iron is as high as 194.25 mg/kg. It is one of the quality marine shellfish, and it is also a favorite seafood product along the seafood.
First, the ecological habits of barley
1. The shells of the outer shape of the barley are nearly round, the shells are thin and firm, and the two shells are equal. The top of the shell is located in the center of the spine, the front of the tip is curved, and the shell surface has concentric growth rings, fine and dense. Shell color is white, brown, yellow, and black, and young clams less than 1 cm are mostly purple.
2. The distribution barley is distributed in the intertidal zone along the coasts of the south and north of China and along the estuaries, and is mostly found in mudflats in the near-high tide areas and mid-tide areas. North Korea, Japan, and the Ryukyu Islands are also distributed.
3. Living habits Barley is a wide temperature, wide salinity shellfish, salinity of the adaptation range of the proportion of 1.005-1.030, the most suitable proportion is 1.10-1.025.
Barley has a strong adaptability and a certain ability to resist pollution. The requirements for the bottom quality are relatively wide, and coarse sand, silt, and silt sand can all grow. They are more influential in the flow of water, clear water quality, fresh water inflow, benthic diatoms in the near high tide areas and sediments in the upper mid-tide area. The color of the shell of the green barley is closely related to the bottom quality environment. The bottom layer is rich in mud. The shell color is black and the silty sand is mostly white. Qingyi camp buried life, when living with the front of the shell down, the back end up, drill holes, buried in the sand. The bark of the barley is longer, about 2-3 times the length of the body, leaving an oval hole on the beach after ebb tide. The depth of burial varies with the season, the size of the individual, and the condition of the sediment. Generally, the depth is 9-16 cm. In summer, the habitat is shallow and the winter is deep. In the same season, the green grass of the fine-grained sandy bottom is deeper than the sandy and muddy ones. Individuals are buried deeper than the individuals. When not exposed, the green bark is in the hole, the double-shelled micro-stubs, the feet and the water pipe stick out, and take food and excretion near the drain pipe. Barley is less mobile.
4. The diet barley is a filter-feeding shellfish, and the shellfish in the natural sea area are mainly benthic diatoms. Also eat some organic detritus, scuffed foot and Other limbs. In winter, the temperature is low, and the clams are tightly closed and rarely eaten. After March, the food intake gradually became strong. Faster growth. The optimum growth temperature of the barley is 24-30°C. At this time, the water pipes are all extended and stretched frequently. This indicates that the higher the temperature, the stronger the feeding activity and the more vigorous the metabolism. The stomach contents of the barley were completely consistent with those of the outside world, indicating that barley is not strictly selective for the type of food.
5. Propagation of barley is dioecious. It reaches sexual maturity within one year and sexually matures once a year. Generally when the water temperature reaches 25-28 °C, the gonadal development to the highest peak, gonadal development can be divided into proliferative phase, growth phase, maturity phase, discharge phase and rest period.
Barley gonads, male milky white or light yellow, female pink. Mature sperm are active and the egg is a ball.
The breeding peak of barley is mostly in the tide, and the mature eggs continue to be discharged.
6. The growth rate of young barley is closely related to the season, the size of the individual and the living environment. Juveniles grow to a relatively early age and grow faster. After that, the growth rate gradually decreases with age. The first instar shell can grow up to 2.5 centimeters in length, and can generally grow to 3.0 centimeters or more in 2 years.
Second, the production of barley seedlings The source of the seedlings produced by barley breeding is mainly the collection of natural seedlings in the sea area, and artificial seedlings are under research.
(A) Seedlings of sea-breeding young species in the sea area are shell shoots within 1 year of age and about 2 cm in shell length. This type of seedlings is mostly distributed in the sediments in the lower part of the high tide area where the fresh water flows into or in the upper part of the middle tide area. The harvest season of the green barley seedlings should be in the spring, winter, early summer or autumn, when the water temperature and temperature are beneficial to the transportation of the seed and the sneak into the stocking. The method of harvesting can be picked up with scallops, or stepped on the foot. After the feet are stepped on, the saplings are frightened by the shrinking water pipes and sprayed on the water column, and then they are collected. The ideal harvest season should be from March to May.
(II) The seedlings of the green barley that are transported and harvested are transported to the rearing area and transported at close range. The green barley seedlings are put into bamboo baskets, straw bags and woven bags, and then they are placed in carts in the shape of a product. . Long-distance transport must take into account the ability of the bark to withstand dryness. It is necessary to ensure that the barley is transported within the tolerance range. It has been observed that the barley has a strong ability to withstand dry weather. Generally, it can withstand 7-10 days in winter, and only 1-2 days in summer. During transport, care should be taken to ensure air circulation, protection against rain and sunlight, and avoid wind and dryness. If the transportation time exceeds 12 hours, a small amount of seawater shall be sprayed on the green seedlings to keep it moist. However, avoid transporting water in order to avoid causing massive deaths.
Third, the cultivation of young people (a) the choice of field should choose calm, smooth flow, flat beach. The breeding area is determined by the farming method. Flat-cobbed culture in the mid-tidal area, aquaculture in the high tide area. The sediment is muddy, the water temperature is 5-35°C, the optimum temperature is 15-28°C, the specific gravity is 1.005-1.030, and the optimum specific gravity is 1.010-1.025.
(II) Culture methods
1. Flat coated culture. It is a culture that does not store water. Use a large area of ​​mudflats to separate into several pieces for easy management. Then, pick up debris from the rocks, level the beach surface, remove the hostile creatures, and open the ditch at the softer place to prevent the water in the beach area.
2. Aquaculture. In the high tide area, banks will be built to embankment and aquaculture. The reservoir is generally rectangular and has an area of ​​5 to 10 mu. The pond has earth embankments, overflow outlets, ring pond ditch and painted surface. The height of the embankment is lower than the tidal tide, which facilitates the exchange of water in the pond and keeps the water fresh.
3. Stocking amount. The breeding stock of the sea bream is determined according to the specifications of the sea bream, the conditions of the sea area, and the status of the seed. The amount of stocking is inconsistent throughout the country. Generally, 2-3 thousand seeds are played per acre and they can be harvested for 2 years. The sowing time is generally from December to February and March of the following year.
4. Seeding method. Can be divided into dry and wet sowing. Dry seeding is to spread the seedlings evenly on the beach surface during the ebb tidal dryness, and requires no rebroadcasting or missed sowing. The disadvantage of this method is that when the green barley seedlings arrive at a high tide, they can only be sowed with moisture. This may cause loss of seedlings. In wet sowing, when the tide has not exited the beach, the barley is loaded onto a small boat and transported to the beach where the mark is inserted. The seeds are evenly sowed within the scope of the mark. Sowing should be carried out when the tide is flat or when the tide is slow, so as not to over-emerge the tide and lose seedlings. The advantage of this method is that it can prolong the working time and increase the survival rate of the seedlings. The disadvantage is that seeding is more difficult to uniform, and the seedlings of small individuals are easily washed away by the tide and not wet.
(III) Cultivating management The management work of the green grass breeding period is mainly for disaster prevention, damage prevention, and anti-theft. Special care should be taken during the cultivation, and problems should be solved in a timely manner. Sea areas that are vulnerable to typhoon storms should start catching as early as possible. During the rainy season, necessary anti-light measures should be taken to reduce losses. Affected by frost, it can be transplanted to muddy beaches with more mud or aquaculture. Aquiculture ponds should always check for leaks. Precautionary species such as snails, fish, crabs, cocoons, and birds within the farm must be collected, driven, or prevented by drugs, and problems must be solved in a timely manner.
Four, harvesting barley After 2 years of development, shell length can reach 3 cm or more can be harvested. In addition to the breeding season, the indigo can be harvested throughout the year. In general, the harvest season is in spring and autumn, especially in autumn, and it is difficult to keep fresh in summer.
Hibiscus harvest methods are: (1) foot to pick up. That is, in the sub-tidal zone with shallow water, the green bark can be used to step on the foot of a plumbing when it is heated. After picking it up, or on the surface of the beach after the ebb tide, the barrage will be splashed on the beach surface after being frightened. Dig at the water. (2) Iron picks pick up picks. In places where the farming density is high, we can use the shovel to pick out the green and pick up the green bark.
First, the ecological habits of barley
1. The shells of the outer shape of the barley are nearly round, the shells are thin and firm, and the two shells are equal. The top of the shell is located in the center of the spine, the front of the tip is curved, and the shell surface has concentric growth rings, fine and dense. Shell color is white, brown, yellow, and black, and young clams less than 1 cm are mostly purple.
2. The distribution barley is distributed in the intertidal zone along the coasts of the south and north of China and along the estuaries, and is mostly found in mudflats in the near-high tide areas and mid-tide areas. North Korea, Japan, and the Ryukyu Islands are also distributed.
3. Living habits Barley is a wide temperature, wide salinity shellfish, salinity of the adaptation range of the proportion of 1.005-1.030, the most suitable proportion is 1.10-1.025.
Barley has a strong adaptability and a certain ability to resist pollution. The requirements for the bottom quality are relatively wide, and coarse sand, silt, and silt sand can all grow. They are more influential in the flow of water, clear water quality, fresh water inflow, benthic diatoms in the near high tide areas and sediments in the upper mid-tide area. The color of the shell of the green barley is closely related to the bottom quality environment. The bottom layer is rich in mud. The shell color is black and the silty sand is mostly white. Qingyi camp buried life, when living with the front of the shell down, the back end up, drill holes, buried in the sand. The bark of the barley is longer, about 2-3 times the length of the body, leaving an oval hole on the beach after ebb tide. The depth of burial varies with the season, the size of the individual, and the condition of the sediment. Generally, the depth is 9-16 cm. In summer, the habitat is shallow and the winter is deep. In the same season, the green grass of the fine-grained sandy bottom is deeper than the sandy and muddy ones. Individuals are buried deeper than the individuals. When not exposed, the green bark is in the hole, the double-shelled micro-stubs, the feet and the water pipe stick out, and take food and excretion near the drain pipe. Barley is less mobile.
4. The diet barley is a filter-feeding shellfish, and the shellfish in the natural sea area are mainly benthic diatoms. Also eat some organic detritus, scuffed foot and Other limbs. In winter, the temperature is low, and the clams are tightly closed and rarely eaten. After March, the food intake gradually became strong. Faster growth. The optimum growth temperature of the barley is 24-30°C. At this time, the water pipes are all extended and stretched frequently. This indicates that the higher the temperature, the stronger the feeding activity and the more vigorous the metabolism. The stomach contents of the barley were completely consistent with those of the outside world, indicating that barley is not strictly selective for the type of food.
5. Propagation of barley is dioecious. It reaches sexual maturity within one year and sexually matures once a year. Generally when the water temperature reaches 25-28 °C, the gonadal development to the highest peak, gonadal development can be divided into proliferative phase, growth phase, maturity phase, discharge phase and rest period.
Barley gonads, male milky white or light yellow, female pink. Mature sperm are active and the egg is a ball.
The breeding peak of barley is mostly in the tide, and the mature eggs continue to be discharged.
6. The growth rate of young barley is closely related to the season, the size of the individual and the living environment. Juveniles grow to a relatively early age and grow faster. After that, the growth rate gradually decreases with age. The first instar shell can grow up to 2.5 centimeters in length, and can generally grow to 3.0 centimeters or more in 2 years.
Second, the production of barley seedlings The source of the seedlings produced by barley breeding is mainly the collection of natural seedlings in the sea area, and artificial seedlings are under research.
(A) Seedlings of sea-breeding young species in the sea area are shell shoots within 1 year of age and about 2 cm in shell length. This type of seedlings is mostly distributed in the sediments in the lower part of the high tide area where the fresh water flows into or in the upper part of the middle tide area. The harvest season of the green barley seedlings should be in the spring, winter, early summer or autumn, when the water temperature and temperature are beneficial to the transportation of the seed and the sneak into the stocking. The method of harvesting can be picked up with scallops, or stepped on the foot. After the feet are stepped on, the saplings are frightened by the shrinking water pipes and sprayed on the water column, and then they are collected. The ideal harvest season should be from March to May.
(II) The seedlings of the green barley that are transported and harvested are transported to the rearing area and transported at close range. The green barley seedlings are put into bamboo baskets, straw bags and woven bags, and then they are placed in carts in the shape of a product. . Long-distance transport must take into account the ability of the bark to withstand dryness. It is necessary to ensure that the barley is transported within the tolerance range. It has been observed that the barley has a strong ability to withstand dry weather. Generally, it can withstand 7-10 days in winter, and only 1-2 days in summer. During transport, care should be taken to ensure air circulation, protection against rain and sunlight, and avoid wind and dryness. If the transportation time exceeds 12 hours, a small amount of seawater shall be sprayed on the green seedlings to keep it moist. However, avoid transporting water in order to avoid causing massive deaths.
Third, the cultivation of young people (a) the choice of field should choose calm, smooth flow, flat beach. The breeding area is determined by the farming method. Flat-cobbed culture in the mid-tidal area, aquaculture in the high tide area. The sediment is muddy, the water temperature is 5-35°C, the optimum temperature is 15-28°C, the specific gravity is 1.005-1.030, and the optimum specific gravity is 1.010-1.025.
(II) Culture methods
1. Flat coated culture. It is a culture that does not store water. Use a large area of ​​mudflats to separate into several pieces for easy management. Then, pick up debris from the rocks, level the beach surface, remove the hostile creatures, and open the ditch at the softer place to prevent the water in the beach area.
2. Aquaculture. In the high tide area, banks will be built to embankment and aquaculture. The reservoir is generally rectangular and has an area of ​​5 to 10 mu. The pond has earth embankments, overflow outlets, ring pond ditch and painted surface. The height of the embankment is lower than the tidal tide, which facilitates the exchange of water in the pond and keeps the water fresh.
3. Stocking amount. The breeding stock of the sea bream is determined according to the specifications of the sea bream, the conditions of the sea area, and the status of the seed. The amount of stocking is inconsistent throughout the country. Generally, 2-3 thousand seeds are played per acre and they can be harvested for 2 years. The sowing time is generally from December to February and March of the following year.
4. Seeding method. Can be divided into dry and wet sowing. Dry seeding is to spread the seedlings evenly on the beach surface during the ebb tidal dryness, and requires no rebroadcasting or missed sowing. The disadvantage of this method is that when the green barley seedlings arrive at a high tide, they can only be sowed with moisture. This may cause loss of seedlings. In wet sowing, when the tide has not exited the beach, the barley is loaded onto a small boat and transported to the beach where the mark is inserted. The seeds are evenly sowed within the scope of the mark. Sowing should be carried out when the tide is flat or when the tide is slow, so as not to over-emerge the tide and lose seedlings. The advantage of this method is that it can prolong the working time and increase the survival rate of the seedlings. The disadvantage is that seeding is more difficult to uniform, and the seedlings of small individuals are easily washed away by the tide and not wet.
(III) Cultivating management The management work of the green grass breeding period is mainly for disaster prevention, damage prevention, and anti-theft. Special care should be taken during the cultivation, and problems should be solved in a timely manner. Sea areas that are vulnerable to typhoon storms should start catching as early as possible. During the rainy season, necessary anti-light measures should be taken to reduce losses. Affected by frost, it can be transplanted to muddy beaches with more mud or aquaculture. Aquiculture ponds should always check for leaks. Precautionary species such as snails, fish, crabs, cocoons, and birds within the farm must be collected, driven, or prevented by drugs, and problems must be solved in a timely manner.
Four, harvesting barley After 2 years of development, shell length can reach 3 cm or more can be harvested. In addition to the breeding season, the indigo can be harvested throughout the year. In general, the harvest season is in spring and autumn, especially in autumn, and it is difficult to keep fresh in summer.
Hibiscus harvest methods are: (1) foot to pick up. That is, in the sub-tidal zone with shallow water, the green bark can be used to step on the foot of a plumbing when it is heated. After picking it up, or on the surface of the beach after the ebb tide, the barrage will be splashed on the beach surface after being frightened. Dig at the water. (2) Iron picks pick up picks. In places where the farming density is high, we can use the shovel to pick out the green and pick up the green bark.
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