The name of the money turtle is Curo trfasciata. It is also known as red-backed turtle, gold-headed turtle, etc. It belongs to the reptile family, Turtle head, turtle family, and turtle subfamily. Mainly distributed in China's Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and other provinces and Vietnam, Laos and other countries.
1 Morphological characteristics The turtle has a unique shape and medium body. The adult carapace is 90-165 mm long, 71-112 mm wide and 37-58 mm high. The head is smaller, the back of the head is smooth, and the kiss protrudes more than the tip and the upper jaw is slightly hooked. The lower armor has three longitudinal ribs, the center is wide and round, and the two sides are not visible; the neck shield is narrow; the vertebra shield is 5, the first vertebra shield triangle, the second, third and fourth hexagons, and the fifth fan shape Shield shield 4 pairs; rim shield 12 pairs, of which the 8th, 9th edge shield is largest, concentric pattern wheel clear; plastron is large and flat, the front edge is rounded, the trailing edge is missing. The carapace and thorax scutellum are connected by ligaments and the carapace can be completely closed. A bridge is not obvious, the shield is extremely small. The limbs are flat, the leading edge is covered with large scales, and the fingers and toes are fully ridged, the claws are thin and curved, the tails are short, the back is tan, 3 vertical edges are black, plastron is black, and the edges are yellow, so the three-lined shell turtle is called . There is also a long black line on the bridge, with a yellow wax on the back of the head and a sharp black on the head, and a red-brown elliptic spot behind the eyes. The cuddly turtle has a distinctly sinuous edge with a slightly curled edge at the edge, which is a unique freshwater turtle.
2 habits
2.1 Inhabitation habits Money turtles like to inhabit rocks and gravel valley rivers. They have mild temperament, do not bite, and rarely attack each other. The money turtles have social habits, usually 2 or 3 caves together, 7 or 8 points for a long time. The money turtle is a temperature-changing animal. The water temperature directly affects its activity, feeding and growth. The suitable growth temperature for the money turtle is 24-32°C. When the temperature rises to 36°C, it begins to become unadapted. If it rises again, it will stay dormant or even "hot to die." When the water temperature drops below 10°C, it will enter the hibernation period. Below 4°C there is a danger of "zombie." Every year from November to March of the following year, it is a period of hibernation. The turtle is in a cave and does not feed. Activities began in April. Under captive breeding conditions, they were mostly hidden in caves or in many places during the day, and they ate during the night.
2.2 Ingestion and growth Money turtles are omnivorous animals that are based on animal feed. In the natural world, it mainly feeds animal feedstuffs such as terrestrial insects, mosquitoes, small arthropods, small fish and shrimps, river otters, snails, and benthic worms, as well as plant feedstuffs such as plants, cereals, and potatoes. In the case of artificial breeding, animal feed such as mink, fish, shrimp, snail, lean meat, etc. can be fed, and vegetable feed such as rice, corn, noodles, and potatoes can also be fed.
The feeding activity of the money turtle is related to temperature. The water temperature is lower than 20 °C, basically no feeding, the water temperature rises to 24 °C, began feeding; 5 - in October the intensity of feeding, especially in June - September the highest intensity of food intake, in November the temperature dropped, feeding gradually decreased.
The money turtle grows slowly under natural conditions and gains about 100 grams each year. However, under the condition of artificial rearing, when the feed is sufficient and the quality is good, the weight can be increased by 20-30 grams in a month.
3 Breeding habits
3.1 Mating spawning money turtles are generally 5 years old and mature. Most of them mated in the fall and spawned in the following summer. From September to October (before and after the Mid-Autumn Festival to late autumn), when the temperature was 20-25°C, sexually mature money turtles estrus in the afternoon from 5 to 6 pm, and the males took the initiative. Close to the female and use the hindquarters to climb up and mate on the back of the female. When the water temperature rises to 25°C in May of the following year, the female turtle begins to lay eggs until the end of July. When spawning, females choose to have soft soil with shoal sand piles or digging holes in tree roots and grass. The depth of the hole is about 10 centimeters and the diameter is 8 to 12 centimeters. After the hole is dug, the female turtle swings its hind limbs or tails, covers the cave with sediment, and then leaves the body after compaction.
3.2 Incubation In order to increase the hatching rate, heat preservation and moisturizing centralized incubation can be adopted. People usually use an ordinary wooden box to make an incubator, drill several leaking holes at the bottom, and lay a layer of 20-cm-thick sand on the bottom of the incubator. Put a layer of eggs on the sand and spread a fine layer of sand on the eggs. The temperature of hatching is controlled at 25-28°C, and water is regularly sprayed to keep the humidity inside the box. After 60-70 days, hatchlings can be hatched.
4 Artificial rearing and management
4.1 Training of hatchlings Newly hatched tortoises, young and infirm, have poor mobility and are cultivated using small ponds. The pool should not be too big. The bottom of the pool should be 5 to 10 centimeters thick sand, laying some land around the pond, accounting for about one-fifth of the aquaculture area, and have a certain slope, allowing the hatchlings to ashore. The depth of the pool is about 15-20 centimeters. Juvenile turtles are mainly fed with delicate and fresh baits such as cooked crushed yolks and small fish and shrimps. The daily dose is about 3% of its body weight. During the cultivation period, each morning and evening are inspected once. The feeding conditions of hatchlings are observed and analyzed, and the residual baits are removed in time. Every 5 days or so, change the pool water once. After about 1 month, wait until the hatchlings grow to a weight of about 10 grams, and then transfer them to the rearing stage.
4.2 Feeding Feeds Artificially reared money turtles can feed both animal feed and plant feed. From the feeding effect, it is better to feed fish, because the protein content of fish is high, easy to digest and absorb, and easy to obtain. According to the comparison of several feed-feeding effects, the results showed that the growth rate of fish-feeding was the fastest, the growth rate was 44%, the feed coefficient was 13.3, followed by feeding leeches, and the growth rate of body weight was 2.3%. The coefficient is 49.6, which is fed with fishmeal and rice. Its body weight gain is slow, the growth rate is 0.022%, and the feed coefficient is 53.7. However, only the leaves are eaten, but only swallowed, the body weight is reduced, and the appearance is very thin. Therefore, it is advisable to use fresh feed with high protein content, such as fish, to feed money turtles. In the early stage of adult turtle breeding, it is best to feed animal feed. The daily feed intake accounts for 4% to 5% of the body weight, but its appetite is easily affected by the temperature. It is advisable to feed it every day to feed it completely. If there is any remaining food, the amount of feed should be appropriately reduced at the time of feeding to avoid waste. And contaminated water quality.
4.3 Water Management The money turtle grows in water with relatively fresh water. Therefore, the water color should be light green, and the water transparency should be 25-30 cm. If the water color is brown green or blue-green, the water quality is too fat. Insufficient dissolved oxygen will affect its food intake. At this time, one-third of water should be changed immediately to maintain good water quality and strong appetite.
5. Prospects for breeding The money turtle is a precious wild animal and it is sold well at home and abroad. The economic benefits of artificial breeding are very impressive, mainly as follows:
5.1 The ornamental value is high. The unique shape of the money turtle, together with its laughable gestures and strange moves, will undoubtedly lead people to life and enjoy in the aquarium. 5.2 It can be used to cultivate green-eared turtles. The green-haired turtles cultivated with money turtles are called "water jadeite". They are also known as white jade turtles, snake-shaped turtles, and double-headed turtles. The ornamental value and medicinal value are promising in the international market in recent years and they are very promising for development and application.
1 Morphological characteristics The turtle has a unique shape and medium body. The adult carapace is 90-165 mm long, 71-112 mm wide and 37-58 mm high. The head is smaller, the back of the head is smooth, and the kiss protrudes more than the tip and the upper jaw is slightly hooked. The lower armor has three longitudinal ribs, the center is wide and round, and the two sides are not visible; the neck shield is narrow; the vertebra shield is 5, the first vertebra shield triangle, the second, third and fourth hexagons, and the fifth fan shape Shield shield 4 pairs; rim shield 12 pairs, of which the 8th, 9th edge shield is largest, concentric pattern wheel clear; plastron is large and flat, the front edge is rounded, the trailing edge is missing. The carapace and thorax scutellum are connected by ligaments and the carapace can be completely closed. A bridge is not obvious, the shield is extremely small. The limbs are flat, the leading edge is covered with large scales, and the fingers and toes are fully ridged, the claws are thin and curved, the tails are short, the back is tan, 3 vertical edges are black, plastron is black, and the edges are yellow, so the three-lined shell turtle is called . There is also a long black line on the bridge, with a yellow wax on the back of the head and a sharp black on the head, and a red-brown elliptic spot behind the eyes. The cuddly turtle has a distinctly sinuous edge with a slightly curled edge at the edge, which is a unique freshwater turtle.
2 habits
2.1 Inhabitation habits Money turtles like to inhabit rocks and gravel valley rivers. They have mild temperament, do not bite, and rarely attack each other. The money turtles have social habits, usually 2 or 3 caves together, 7 or 8 points for a long time. The money turtle is a temperature-changing animal. The water temperature directly affects its activity, feeding and growth. The suitable growth temperature for the money turtle is 24-32°C. When the temperature rises to 36°C, it begins to become unadapted. If it rises again, it will stay dormant or even "hot to die." When the water temperature drops below 10°C, it will enter the hibernation period. Below 4°C there is a danger of "zombie." Every year from November to March of the following year, it is a period of hibernation. The turtle is in a cave and does not feed. Activities began in April. Under captive breeding conditions, they were mostly hidden in caves or in many places during the day, and they ate during the night.
2.2 Ingestion and growth Money turtles are omnivorous animals that are based on animal feed. In the natural world, it mainly feeds animal feedstuffs such as terrestrial insects, mosquitoes, small arthropods, small fish and shrimps, river otters, snails, and benthic worms, as well as plant feedstuffs such as plants, cereals, and potatoes. In the case of artificial breeding, animal feed such as mink, fish, shrimp, snail, lean meat, etc. can be fed, and vegetable feed such as rice, corn, noodles, and potatoes can also be fed.
The feeding activity of the money turtle is related to temperature. The water temperature is lower than 20 °C, basically no feeding, the water temperature rises to 24 °C, began feeding; 5 - in October the intensity of feeding, especially in June - September the highest intensity of food intake, in November the temperature dropped, feeding gradually decreased.
The money turtle grows slowly under natural conditions and gains about 100 grams each year. However, under the condition of artificial rearing, when the feed is sufficient and the quality is good, the weight can be increased by 20-30 grams in a month.
3 Breeding habits
3.1 Mating spawning money turtles are generally 5 years old and mature. Most of them mated in the fall and spawned in the following summer. From September to October (before and after the Mid-Autumn Festival to late autumn), when the temperature was 20-25°C, sexually mature money turtles estrus in the afternoon from 5 to 6 pm, and the males took the initiative. Close to the female and use the hindquarters to climb up and mate on the back of the female. When the water temperature rises to 25°C in May of the following year, the female turtle begins to lay eggs until the end of July. When spawning, females choose to have soft soil with shoal sand piles or digging holes in tree roots and grass. The depth of the hole is about 10 centimeters and the diameter is 8 to 12 centimeters. After the hole is dug, the female turtle swings its hind limbs or tails, covers the cave with sediment, and then leaves the body after compaction.
3.2 Incubation In order to increase the hatching rate, heat preservation and moisturizing centralized incubation can be adopted. People usually use an ordinary wooden box to make an incubator, drill several leaking holes at the bottom, and lay a layer of 20-cm-thick sand on the bottom of the incubator. Put a layer of eggs on the sand and spread a fine layer of sand on the eggs. The temperature of hatching is controlled at 25-28°C, and water is regularly sprayed to keep the humidity inside the box. After 60-70 days, hatchlings can be hatched.
4 Artificial rearing and management
4.1 Training of hatchlings Newly hatched tortoises, young and infirm, have poor mobility and are cultivated using small ponds. The pool should not be too big. The bottom of the pool should be 5 to 10 centimeters thick sand, laying some land around the pond, accounting for about one-fifth of the aquaculture area, and have a certain slope, allowing the hatchlings to ashore. The depth of the pool is about 15-20 centimeters. Juvenile turtles are mainly fed with delicate and fresh baits such as cooked crushed yolks and small fish and shrimps. The daily dose is about 3% of its body weight. During the cultivation period, each morning and evening are inspected once. The feeding conditions of hatchlings are observed and analyzed, and the residual baits are removed in time. Every 5 days or so, change the pool water once. After about 1 month, wait until the hatchlings grow to a weight of about 10 grams, and then transfer them to the rearing stage.
4.2 Feeding Feeds Artificially reared money turtles can feed both animal feed and plant feed. From the feeding effect, it is better to feed fish, because the protein content of fish is high, easy to digest and absorb, and easy to obtain. According to the comparison of several feed-feeding effects, the results showed that the growth rate of fish-feeding was the fastest, the growth rate was 44%, the feed coefficient was 13.3, followed by feeding leeches, and the growth rate of body weight was 2.3%. The coefficient is 49.6, which is fed with fishmeal and rice. Its body weight gain is slow, the growth rate is 0.022%, and the feed coefficient is 53.7. However, only the leaves are eaten, but only swallowed, the body weight is reduced, and the appearance is very thin. Therefore, it is advisable to use fresh feed with high protein content, such as fish, to feed money turtles. In the early stage of adult turtle breeding, it is best to feed animal feed. The daily feed intake accounts for 4% to 5% of the body weight, but its appetite is easily affected by the temperature. It is advisable to feed it every day to feed it completely. If there is any remaining food, the amount of feed should be appropriately reduced at the time of feeding to avoid waste. And contaminated water quality.
4.3 Water Management The money turtle grows in water with relatively fresh water. Therefore, the water color should be light green, and the water transparency should be 25-30 cm. If the water color is brown green or blue-green, the water quality is too fat. Insufficient dissolved oxygen will affect its food intake. At this time, one-third of water should be changed immediately to maintain good water quality and strong appetite.
5. Prospects for breeding The money turtle is a precious wild animal and it is sold well at home and abroad. The economic benefits of artificial breeding are very impressive, mainly as follows:
5.1 The ornamental value is high. The unique shape of the money turtle, together with its laughable gestures and strange moves, will undoubtedly lead people to life and enjoy in the aquarium. 5.2 It can be used to cultivate green-eared turtles. The green-haired turtles cultivated with money turtles are called "water jadeite". They are also known as white jade turtles, snake-shaped turtles, and double-headed turtles. The ornamental value and medicinal value are promising in the international market in recent years and they are very promising for development and application.