To improve the fertility rate and the number of herds of sows, not only depends on the sow's fine variety and production performance, but also on good husbandry and management, so as to ensure normal estrus, mating, embryo implantation, growth and development of sows. Give birth, to reduce stillbirth and abortion, increase the number of surviving births. In the production practice, we should seize the key technical links in seven areas.
Breeding gilts
The selection of excellent gilts is the basis for the good genetic performance of their offspring. First of all, it is required to meet the characteristics of breeds or strains, body condition is moderate, body development is good, body length is long, hindquarters are developed, vulva is large, more than 6 pairs of effective nipples are arranged neatly and evenly, and the limbs are strong and strong, walking freely and agile. Gentle, good motherhood, strong resistance, fast food, no picky eaters. It has the genetic properties of fast growth, high feed reward, thin backfat, high lean meat percentage, and a high number of litters. Secondly, to raise gilts, 60 kg of body weight can be freely eaten, 60 kg after the limit of feeding, feed 2 kg per head per day, and add green feed, can not make the body fat, affect the mother Pig reproductive performance. The crude protein in the diet reaches 15%-16%, and calcium, phosphorus, VA, VE and other substances can meet the growth and development needs of the bone and reproductive system. Under good husbandry and management conditions, gilts were able to heat for the first time on 6 months of age.
Promote ovulation
Under normal circumstances, primates and adult sows generally develop estrus symptoms within 7 days of weaning. When the estrus is abnormal, it should be handled according to the actual situation. When the sows have good sensation, are too obese, greedy for snooze, they have to feed less compound feed, feed more green feed, strengthen exercise, restore sensation, and promote estrus. For frail and lean female sows, energy and green fodder were increased for a short period of time before mating, and short-term superior feeding was conducted to promote estrus and increase the number of ovulation, and the use of boars to cross the sow was induced; estrus was not associated with sows. The estrus sows were kept in the same cycle; they were used to massage the sow's breasts with the palms for 20 minutes each morning; daily to drive the animals away; sows were reduced by 50% or starved of water and water for one day. If the sows, such as the genitals, run out of pus-like green or yellow lochia, the uterus is washed with 0.01%-0.05% benzalkonium, and 3.2 million units of penicillin and 1 million units of streptomycin are injected twice a day for 3 days to eliminate the uterus. Inflammation promotes estrus. You can also give estrus injections of chorionic gonadotropin 10 kg 100IU or 1 ml of pregnant horse serum to promote ovulation.
Timely breeding
The timely breeding of estrus sows is a key measure to increase the pregnancy rate. When the estrus arrives, the estrus status of the sows to be bred is checked 3 times a day. Clinical observation of hand pressure sow waist hips, estrus sows do not move, that static reflection or to accept the boar cross; vulva swelling began to subside, wrinkles, color from redness to purple; tear flow reaches the middle of the corner of the eye and mouth When the viscous drawing of the vulva continues, it is the best breeding period. Breeding time is generally the first time the sows are in the estrus group to receive breeding for the first time from 8 hours to 12 hours after the gild is inoculated, and it is best to perform the second breeding every 10 hours to 12 hours.
Mastering breeding skills
Sows are best to implement two or three breeding systems, and resolutely put an end to the use of boars with close relatives or artificial insemination using their semen. The breeding is generally conducted in the morning and afternoon 2 hours after the feeding. The genitalia of the male and female pigs are disinfected with 0.1% potassium permanganate water before the crossing. The sperm density of the boar is required to reach 200-400 million pieces per milliliter, and 70. % is linear motion. After the first breeding, the second breeding will be conducted at intervals of 10 hours to 12 hours, and the conditional farmer will perform the third breeding at an interval of 10 hours. When artificial insemination is performed, it is necessary to ensure that the input diluted sperm volume is 80 ml to 100 ml, and the sperm density is more than 4 billion. Wipe the sow and the inner foreign body with toilet paper, and disinfect with 0.1% potassium permanganate water. Remove the vas deferens, apply oil to the head, insert it slightly upwards at 45°C, and turn counterclockwise to the head of the sperma being locked in the cervix of the sow. After the insemination bottle is connected, the sow is inhaled. If the absorption is not smooth, a needle can be used to pierce a small hole at the top of the infusion bottle. When the semen is flowing backwards, the infusion bottle can be drooped, and when the reflux is no longer possible, the insemination bottle insemination can continue to be elevated. The insemination process generally lasts from 5 minutes to 10 minutes. After the insemination is complete, allow the vas deferens to stay in the body for 30 seconds to 60 seconds and then gently pull out. The breeder presses the sow's waist or beats the sow's buttocks to prevent the sow from bowing and causing semen outflow.
Scientific judgment of pregnancy
Accurately judging the pregnancy of sows is the precondition for ensuring scientific feeding and reducing stillbirth and miscarriage. After sowing, the sow was often checked until 60 days later. To determine the pregnancy of sows can take 3 methods: First, chemical judgment, after 10 days of breeding -15 days, take 10 ml of urine in the morning, add a small amount of white vinegar, make urine acidic, then add a few drops of iodine mixed heating, If urine turns red, it is pregnant. The second is the judgement of hormones. After 17 days of mating, 0.5 ml of 1% testosterone propionate and 0.2 ml of 0.5% propofol propionate are injected. If 2 days and 3 days are not followed by estrus, it can be determined as pregnancy. The third is the estrus cycle and symptoms. After sow mating, there was no estrus after 3 weeks, and the appetite gradually increased. The hair was smooth and shiny, and the phlegm was obvious. The temperament was docile, the action was stable, snooze, the tail drooped naturally, and the pus was shrinking. One line, with the tail on the side of the eviction, preliminarily concludes pregnancy, and after 21 days without estrus symptoms, it can be determined as pregnancy.
Strengthening pregnancy management
Strengthening pregnancy management is the key measure to control abortions, stillbirths, and mummies in sows, and to increase fertility rate and number of births. Sows in the pre-pregnancy period (0 days to 30 days) are the peak period of embryonic death. They must be guaranteed to feed high-quality full-priced feeds and reduce energy standards. The daily feed volume is 1.5kg-2kg per head, and the crude protein is 14%. -15% to ensure the supply of minerals and vitamins. At the same time, it is necessary to properly preserve the feed to prevent moldy, spoilage and toxic. The optimal temperature for pregnant sows in the house is 15°C-20°C, minimum is not lower than 12°C, and maximum is not higher than 28°C, avoiding heat and cold stress, leading to early embryonic death. In the mid-pregnancy (31 days to 70 days), the growth of the fetus was accelerated and pushed out, resulting in uneven nutrient supply and some of the embryos died. Therefore, it is strictly forbidden to treat sows this time. Do not shout, whip or chase out loud, so that the sows will crowd each other and cause artificial death. Every day, the sow's dietary intake is 2 kg - 2.5 kg per head, crude protein is 13% - 14%, and green feed is added to enhance activity. Late pregnancy is the period of rapid embryonic growth, embryonic death due to nutritional deficiencies, due to poor, it should raise the standard of nutrition, crude protein of 16% -17%, the amount of daily feed can be controlled according to the public opinion in the first 2.5 kg -3.5 kg , pay attention to reducing the material 7 days before childbirth, to prevent postpartum food, childbirth on the day do not feed, but to ensure adequate drinking water.
Do a good job of preventing diseases
First, do a good job of preventing immunity. The emphasis is on the prevention of national compulsory immunization planning diseases and the diseases that affect sow reproduction disorders. The gilts can be immunized according to the commercial hog program before 7 months of age. From 7 months of age, every 7 days to 10 days, starting from 7 months, are injected in turn. Inactivated vaccines, inactivated parvovirus vaccines, highly pathogenic inactivated PRRS vaccine, and pseudorabies gene deletion vaccine. Ten days after the pigs gave birth, they were injected with inactivated swine fever vaccine, highly pathogenic inactivated swine blue ear disease vaccine, and pseudorabies gene deletion vaccine once. The JE vaccine is injected 1 month before the arrival of mosquitoes and flies, and the foot-and-mouth disease vaccine is injected once every spring and autumn.
The second is to do a good job of prevention and disinfection. Quarterly sterilize the plot with 2% caustic soda once a week, weekly disinfection with 1:3000 or 0.5% peracetic acid to disinfect the piggery once. The pigs were sterilized once a day during the epidemic season. Disinfection tanks in pig farms and piggeries are added once a week with 3% caustic soda once per month. Clean the pig manure once a day in the morning and insist on manure treatment.
The third is to do a good job repelling stomach. The gilts were inoculated once per kilogram of 0.3 mg of avermectin per kilogram of gilts before breeding in the gilts before breeding. Before eating insects, they stopped for 1 day. After deworming, they were treated with rhubarb soda for 3 days.
Fourth, do a good job of preventing and curing diseases. Sows before, after, and after weaning
On the 7th day, oxytetracycline was mixed in the feed, 600 grams to 1,000 grams per ton, to prevent diseases, and postpartum injections of penicillin, streptomycin, and prohormone production for 3 days, 2 times a day, to prevent metritis and mastitis.
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