Symptoms of dry heat and wind damage are common meteorological and physiological diseases encountered during the later stages of wheat development. The stalks, ears, leaves and stems of wheat plants can be damaged. After the water loss from the top to the base, the blight will turn white or the leaves will shrink and wither. The glume will turn white or gray, the grain will dry and the grain weight will decline, affecting the yield and quality of the wheat. Whether it is the South or the North, whether it is spring wheat or winter wheat, dry heat damage occurs frequently in wheat. For example, from the end of April to the end of May in the Huaibei winter wheat region, from the flowering of wheat to the end of grain filling, continuous dry winds of grades 6 to 7 were attacked for 19 days, indicating that the peak flowering period, the flowering period, the abortion rate of florets, or the filling period shortened. The amount of grouting decreased, the horn angle increased, or the water loss in the plants was severe, resulting in the phenomenon that the stems and leaves were dull and ripe. Spring wheat from June 20 to July 25 in Inner Mongolia entered heading to maturity. During this period, weather above 32°C lasted for 5 days. Dry heat damage occurred.
The etiology of wheat in the grouting to maturity stage, where high temperatures, droughts, and strong winds are the main causes of dry heat damage. At this stage, in the case of 3-5 days with temperatures above 32°C, relative humidity below 30%, and wind speeds above 2-3m per second, large amounts of wheat evaporate, the water in the body is unbalanced, and grain filling is inhibited or cannot be filled with grouting. Causes the wheat to ripen early. For example, under normal conditions, wheat in Huaibei Dongmai District has one flowering peak in the past and one in the afternoon. Affected by dry hot wind, the amount of flowering in the morning was reduced to 15.4%, 32.3% in the afternoon and 52.3% in the evening. This is because daytime temperatures are high and the relative humidity is lower than 41%. The water transpiration of the plants is large. The water absorbed by the roots cannot meet the needs of the upper and afternoon blossoms to form two peaks. In addition to this, due to the influence of dry hot wind, the grain filling period was shortened by 5 days compared with normal years, and the peak of grain filling was advanced 3 days earlier. The grouting volume was reduced by 6 g and the horn angle increased by 20-40 degrees. Third, due to large amounts of water evaporation above the roots, roots ageing, water supply can not keep up, leaf viability decline, nutrient transfer is blocked, causing the leaves to curl up at night or circadian curl does not start until the blue and dry, harvest early 7 -10 days. In addition, trials have shown that middle and high school culm varieties in spring wheat have stronger resistance to dry and hot wind than short stalks; long awns are generally stronger in resistance to dry hot wind than awnless or top awn varieties; varieties with short stems are shorter than spike stalks. Strong. As for the varieties with many waxy and fluffy hairs, they are drought-resistant varieties in arid ecological environments, but they are not resistant to dry hot wind under irrigation conditions.
Prevention methods (1) Promote the application of enzyme composted compost, increase organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, appropriately control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and reasonable fertilization can not only ensure the supply of nutrients to the plant, but also improve soil structure, water conservation, drought resistance and defense Hot air plays a big role. (2) Deepen the tillage layer, mature the soil, deepen the root system, and strengthen the ability to resist dry heat and wind. (3) In the wheat areas where dry heat and wind damage often occur, attention should be paid to selecting early-maturing varieties with strong resistance to drought. Winter wheat such as Xinong 88, Zhengzhou 941, Yumai 18-64, Yumai 39, 37, 12, Shannong 7859, No match on the 8th, Wan 7107, No. 40 Buckwheat, Jinmai 49, 51 Numbers No. 52, No. 25 Daimai and other varieties are resistant to hot and dry wind. Spring tears such as Hongmang, Jin 2148, Jin 5001, Linmai 30, Longfumai 7, Dingfeng 3 and other varieties resistant to dry hot wind. (4) Anti-drought agent dressing. 667m2 with drought-resistant agent No. 1 50g deeper than 1-1.5kg water mixed 12.5kg wheat species. Can also be used Wanjiabao 30g, add water 3000g mix 20g wheat seed, mix well after drying. (5) It is timely to cultivate strong seedlings and promote early earing of wheat. Grout water, wheat yellow water, and transpiration water are added at a proper time to make the wheat mature earlier. (6) Spray 6% -10% of the ash extraction liquid 1-2 times from the jointing stage of the wheat to the flowering stage of the heading, spray 50-60kg of the gram liquid ash per 667m2, and spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate from the booting to the filling stage. The dosage of 667m2 is 150-220g, for water 50-60kg, it can also be sprayed with drought-resistant agent No. 1. The dosage per 667m2 is 50g. The first water is small, and then the water is added 50-60kg after it is fully dissolved; the jointing can also be sprayed to increase the yield during the jointing stage. Bacteria, per 667m 250ml, water 50-60kg. (7) Watering the river in due course to reduce victimization in the middle and later stages. We will use water and fertilizers to improve the microclimate of wheat fields, extend grouting time, and mitigate dry hot winds. (8) Spray 1000 times of Gammoon harvesting fluid or 500-600 times of Wanjiabao in the jointing stage to the grain filling stage of wheat, spray twice every 10 days, and increase the ability of wheat to resist drought and dry heat. During the period of returning to green jointing stage and filling stage, the wheat yield 500 times each time is sprayed to improve the ability to resist hot and dry wind.(9) If necessary, every 677m2 use more or Wanjiabao 250g into the soil with water, the effect is also very good. (10) Spraying 0.05% aspirin solution (with a little adhesive) 1-2 times from flowering to filling stage of wheat can effectively prevent premature aging caused by dry hot air and increase production by 10%-20%.
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