The necessary nutrients for wheat growth and development are: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, chlorine, boron, molybdenum and other 16 elements. Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are mainly supplied by air and water, and the other 13 nutrients are mainly supplied by soil. According to the amount of content in the crop, the essential nutrient elements are generally divided into a large number of nutrients and micronutrients: a large number of nutrients are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur 9 (also have calcium , Magnesium and sulfur are called the middle elements, and their content accounts for tens to several thousandths of the dry weight of the crop. Micronutrients include seven kinds of iron, boron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, and chlorine, and their contents account for several thousand to several hundred thousand parts of the dry weight of crops. These elements are equally important in the crop body, regardless of the quantity. The supply of any nutrient element is insufficient and the growth and development of crops will be affected. Usually, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are needed for the three kinds of crops. The amount available in the soil is relatively small, and it is often necessary to use fertilization to meet the requirements for high crop yield. Therefore, it is called “three elements of crop nutrition†or “fertilizer three. "Factors"; In addition, some of the province's soil available for the cultivation of wheat, zinc, boron and individual soil available sulfur, iron, molybdenum content is relatively low, the use of these nutrients on these soils also have a good effect of increasing production.
The different growth and development stages of wheat have different requirements on the types, quantities and proportions of nutrient elements. The rule is that the amount and intensity of nutrient absorption are low at the beginning of growth, and then gradually increase to the mature stage and tend to weaken. According to the research of Shandong Agricultural University, before the returning green period, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium accounted for 17.04%, 11.11%, and 9.75% of the total absorption during the growth period, respectively; from jointing to flowering, it was nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The period with the most absorption reached 71.97%, 92.57% and 100%, respectively.
The high yield of long-term wheat growth requires large amounts of fertilizer. It is often difficult to meet the needs of growth and development for nutrients in one-time fertilization. Fertilizer efficiency cannot be used well and utilization is low. Generally, fertilization is repeated before and during sowing. According to the implementation of the time sequence is divided into basal fertilizer, seed fertilizer, top dressing.
Fertilization of irrigated wheat
The formulated base fertilizer has irrigated conditions to achieve high yield and stability of wheat production. The amount of base fertilizer is generally about 3,000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre; pure nitrogen (N) is 5-7 kg and phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) is 6-8 kg. Potassium oxide (K2O) 4-6 kg. According to the above fertilizing amount, the autumn seed can be used as the base fertilizer, and one of the following fertilization options can be used: Option 1: Apply 11-15 kg urea and 40-50 kg superphosphate (containing P2O516%). Potassium chloride 7-10 kg. Option 2: Mushi ammonium bicarbonate 30-40 kg, superphosphate (containing P2O516%) 40-50 kg, potassium chloride 7-10 kg. Option 3: Mushi Sanyuan Compound Fertilizer (15% N, P2O5, K2O) 40-50 kg. Option 4: Mushi DAP (or monoammonium phosphate) 13-17 kg, urea 10 kg (or ammonium bicarbonate 30 kg), potassium chloride 7-10 kg.
The principle of the selection scheme is: in the past, the fertilizing amount was higher than the recommended maximum fertilizing amount, and the fertilized amount of fertilized soil was the lower limit. For example, a large amount of phosphorus fertilizer was used year-round, soil available phosphorus (P) was greater than 20 PPM, and the yellow flooded area was rich. In potassium soil, the lower limit of phosphorus and potassium can be used, and vice versa. The upper limit of the amount of nitrogen fertilizer that can be used to return all corn stalks.
For the lack of zinc, boron and other trace elements or long-term unused wheat, can be used as base fertilizer Mushi sulfate 1-1.5 kg, borax 0.5 kg. For wheat that lacks calcium, magnesium, or sulfur, or does not use calcium phosphate for a long time, fertilization with calcium superphosphate may be used.
Pusch Fertilizer Seed Fertilizer can quickly meet the needs of seedlings for nutrients and is very beneficial to the formation of strong seedlings. When using, kind and fertilizer should be applied separately to avoid burning seeds. Suitable for the main varieties of seed fertilizer are: urea, diammonium phosphate. It is best to mix the two in a 1:1 ratio. The amount is generally about 30% of the seed weight.
Clever application of dressing to return to the green period to the period of getting up: grow strong, groups reasonable and prosperous, large groups of wheat, return to the green period to the up period is generally not top-dressing without water, top dressing can be delayed until the wheat to the jointing period. Wheat seedlings grow weak, the group is too small can be appropriate fertilizer in advance, the first time in the return period, Mushi urea 5-7 kg, the second after the jointing, depending on the seedlings grow Mushi 5-10 kg. The medium-fertility and less-populated wheat fields are generally watered in the jointing period or at the beginning of the jointing period (1.5 to 2 cm above the ground at the base of the first section), and the urea is 15-20 kg depending on the seedling growth. The wheat fields with high soil fertility, excessive growth, suitable or large groups, can be pushed into the middle and late jointing stages (close to the first length of the base section), and the topsoil can be watered. Generally, 10-15 kilograms of urea are suitable.
The fertilization of dryland wheat is based on more than 2000 kilograms of organic fertilizer in Mushi, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are used in combination to achieve high yields. The total output of fertilizers with a target yield of over 300 kg/mu is: 10-12 kg of pure nitrogen, 8-10 kg of phosphorus (P2O5), and 5 kg of potassium (K2O). Of the total amount of fertilizers mentioned above, all organic fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, potash fertilizers, and 70%-80% nitrogen fertilizers were used as base fertilizers. In the spring of the second year of soil returning to the soil, the remaining 20%-30% of nitrogen fertilizer is applied (or the rainwater is applied after the wheat returns to green).
According to the above fertilizing amount, the chemical fertilizer used for base fertilizer in autumn can be applied from one of the following three fertilization schemes: Option 1: urea 16-20 kg (or 40-50 kg ammonium bicarbonate), superphosphate 50-60 kg, potassium chloride 8 kg. Option 2: Mushi Sanyuan Compound Fertilizer (N, P2O5, K2O each 15%) 50 to 70 kg. Scheme 3: Mushi DAP (or monoammonium phosphate) 18-22 kg, urea 8-13 kg (or 22-35 kg ammonium bicarbonate), potassium chloride 8 kg.
The principle of the selection scheme is: on the basis of the dry and thin land with an output of less than 300 kilograms per mu, and based on 2000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer in Mushi, the total amount of chemical fertilizer applied shall be the lower limit of the amount of fertilizer applied above, and potassium fertilizer may not be applied. In the past, the fertilizing amount was higher than the recommended maximum fertilizing amount and the fertile soil fertilization amount was lower. On the contrary, the high limit was selected.
For dryland wheat, it is necessary to apply fertilizer in combination with rainfall in the spring. If there is no rainfall, urea can be dissolved in water and then applied by ditching. General mu urea 5-7.5 kg.
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