Water, seed, and bait are the three material foundations for aquaculture. Good water quality in ponds can not only reduce the occurrence of fish diseases, but also reduce the feed coefficient and increase the economic benefits of breeding. Therefore, fish farming is to a large extent water conservation. As long as the water quality management work is done well, the cultivation will be successful.
The purpose of water quality management is to make the aquaculture water fresh, containing moderate amounts of photosynthetic phytoplankton that are conducive to fish digestion, so that the pool water is yellow brown, oil green, grass green with yellow color, transparency 20--40cm, no oil film, no Formation of bloom, no smell. The so-called "fat, live, tender, cool". To do a good job in water quality management should start with the following aspects:
First, water
1. The use of non-polluting sources of water sources: requirements of adequate water, clean, without pathogenic organisms and human-made pollutants and other toxic substances, the physical and chemical characteristics of the water should meet the national fishery water quality standards, suitable for the living requirements of fish culture.
Water injection and drainage system: Water injection and drainage channels are required to be separated, single-injection and single-row, to avoid mutual contamination; in the farms established in industrial pollution and municipal pollution water discharge areas, the construction of reservoirs should be considered in the design, and the water source should be purified or necessary. Disinfect and then pour into the pond to prevent pathogens from getting into the water.
2. Water purification and disinfection: First, the total inlet encryption network (40 mesh) filtration, to avoid wild fish and enemy biological invasion into the fish pond; the second is in the reservoir for water disinfection. According to pathogens and predators present in water sources, the following methods are commonly used: (1) 25- to 30-ppm lime-splashing Quanchiposa; (2) 1ppm bleaching powder (containing more than 25% of available chlorine) Quanchiposa; (3) ) Sprinkle with 0.5ppm Trichlorfon (90% of the crystal trichlorfon) Quanchiposa.
Second, clear pond and food field disinfection
1. Qingtang: Each year, the pond should be cleared of thick silt to keep the silt thickness at the bottom of the pond below 10cm. The fish clearing pond should be used 10 to 15 days before the fish to kill pathogens and enemy pests in the pond. Sufficient water can be used to dry the pool water for dry clearing ponds, inconvenient water discharge ponds can use water clear pond. Commonly used methods are as follows: dry method clear pond is used for quick lime 75kg or bleaching powder per acre 4--5kg; water clear pond for quicklime 25--30ppm Quanchiposa or bleaching powder (containing more than 25% of available chlorine) 1ppm Quanchiposa .
2. Food field disinfection: In the epidemic season of fish disease, the food field is disinfected once every two months. The method is: after adding 250g of bleaching powder and adding water, dissolve it in appropriate amount, splash it on the food field and its vicinity (should be selected on sunny days after the fish eats it) or carry out regular drug bagging. Generally use 150g of bleaching powder and 100g of trichlorfon per bag. day.
Third, water quality fertilization In order to increase the pool of nutrients, so that plankton in a good state of growth, reproduction, and promote photosynthesis and provide adequate natural feed for fry and filter-feeding fish, fertilization is an important part of water quality management . Fertilization is divided into two kinds: base fertilizer and top dressing.
1. Schiff base fertilizer: The base fertilizer should be applied to the poorly-poor or newly-excavated ponds. The base fertilizer can improve the nutritional status of the sediment and increase the nutrients in the pond, which is beneficial to the proliferation of natural food. Normally, the perisha of man-dung feces (preferably chicken manure) is 250--300kg.
2. Top dressing: Top dressing can continuously supplement the nutrient components in the pond water and promote the growth of natural food. The topdressing fertilizer should be determined according to the season, water temperature, water color, transparency and breeds, etc. It is generally best to apply it once every 15 to 20 days. Apply inorganic fertilizers at a rate of 2–3 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 1 kg of phosphate fertilizer per acre after mixing. Dissolved in water and splashed in the whole pond; organic fertilizer should be fermented first, and be disinfected with quicklime (with 1% dosage), 100-200kg per acre, splashed around the pond; green manure and compost pile the fertilizer around the pond. So that it flows into the pond with water.
IV. Daily water quality management
1. According to the water quality, the old water will be discharged in time, and new water will be added to increase the dissolved oxygen in the water and effectively improve the water quality. For water-deficient ponds that are subject to water quality aging or contamination, they can be disinfected with 1ppm bleach.
2. As much as possible to increase oxygenation equipment, turn on the engine at a proper time, regulate oxygen and oxygen debts in the water, and maintain an excellent water environment.
3. Photosynthesis bacteria are regularly applied. Photosynthetic bacteria can not only decompose organic waste in water, degrade ammonia and other harmful substances, inhibit pathogenic bacteria and other harmful bacteria in the water, reduce the occurrence of fish diseases, but also increase the production of fertilizer and fish, and improve the economic benefits of breeding.
4. Sprinkle lime water regularly. Sprinkling lime can not only regulate the pH of the water, but also kill harmful bacteria in the water. It can also make the sludge release inorganic salts and increase the water's fatness. Generally during the breeding period every two weeks or so splashed once, the amount of water per mu per meter is 20--30kg.
The purpose of water quality management is to make the aquaculture water fresh, containing moderate amounts of photosynthetic phytoplankton that are conducive to fish digestion, so that the pool water is yellow brown, oil green, grass green with yellow color, transparency 20--40cm, no oil film, no Formation of bloom, no smell. The so-called "fat, live, tender, cool". To do a good job in water quality management should start with the following aspects:
First, water
1. The use of non-polluting sources of water sources: requirements of adequate water, clean, without pathogenic organisms and human-made pollutants and other toxic substances, the physical and chemical characteristics of the water should meet the national fishery water quality standards, suitable for the living requirements of fish culture.
Water injection and drainage system: Water injection and drainage channels are required to be separated, single-injection and single-row, to avoid mutual contamination; in the farms established in industrial pollution and municipal pollution water discharge areas, the construction of reservoirs should be considered in the design, and the water source should be purified or necessary. Disinfect and then pour into the pond to prevent pathogens from getting into the water.
2. Water purification and disinfection: First, the total inlet encryption network (40 mesh) filtration, to avoid wild fish and enemy biological invasion into the fish pond; the second is in the reservoir for water disinfection. According to pathogens and predators present in water sources, the following methods are commonly used: (1) 25- to 30-ppm lime-splashing Quanchiposa; (2) 1ppm bleaching powder (containing more than 25% of available chlorine) Quanchiposa; (3) ) Sprinkle with 0.5ppm Trichlorfon (90% of the crystal trichlorfon) Quanchiposa.
Second, clear pond and food field disinfection
1. Qingtang: Each year, the pond should be cleared of thick silt to keep the silt thickness at the bottom of the pond below 10cm. The fish clearing pond should be used 10 to 15 days before the fish to kill pathogens and enemy pests in the pond. Sufficient water can be used to dry the pool water for dry clearing ponds, inconvenient water discharge ponds can use water clear pond. Commonly used methods are as follows: dry method clear pond is used for quick lime 75kg or bleaching powder per acre 4--5kg; water clear pond for quicklime 25--30ppm Quanchiposa or bleaching powder (containing more than 25% of available chlorine) 1ppm Quanchiposa .
2. Food field disinfection: In the epidemic season of fish disease, the food field is disinfected once every two months. The method is: after adding 250g of bleaching powder and adding water, dissolve it in appropriate amount, splash it on the food field and its vicinity (should be selected on sunny days after the fish eats it) or carry out regular drug bagging. Generally use 150g of bleaching powder and 100g of trichlorfon per bag. day.
Third, water quality fertilization In order to increase the pool of nutrients, so that plankton in a good state of growth, reproduction, and promote photosynthesis and provide adequate natural feed for fry and filter-feeding fish, fertilization is an important part of water quality management . Fertilization is divided into two kinds: base fertilizer and top dressing.
1. Schiff base fertilizer: The base fertilizer should be applied to the poorly-poor or newly-excavated ponds. The base fertilizer can improve the nutritional status of the sediment and increase the nutrients in the pond, which is beneficial to the proliferation of natural food. Normally, the perisha of man-dung feces (preferably chicken manure) is 250--300kg.
2. Top dressing: Top dressing can continuously supplement the nutrient components in the pond water and promote the growth of natural food. The topdressing fertilizer should be determined according to the season, water temperature, water color, transparency and breeds, etc. It is generally best to apply it once every 15 to 20 days. Apply inorganic fertilizers at a rate of 2–3 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 1 kg of phosphate fertilizer per acre after mixing. Dissolved in water and splashed in the whole pond; organic fertilizer should be fermented first, and be disinfected with quicklime (with 1% dosage), 100-200kg per acre, splashed around the pond; green manure and compost pile the fertilizer around the pond. So that it flows into the pond with water.
IV. Daily water quality management
1. According to the water quality, the old water will be discharged in time, and new water will be added to increase the dissolved oxygen in the water and effectively improve the water quality. For water-deficient ponds that are subject to water quality aging or contamination, they can be disinfected with 1ppm bleach.
2. As much as possible to increase oxygenation equipment, turn on the engine at a proper time, regulate oxygen and oxygen debts in the water, and maintain an excellent water environment.
3. Photosynthesis bacteria are regularly applied. Photosynthetic bacteria can not only decompose organic waste in water, degrade ammonia and other harmful substances, inhibit pathogenic bacteria and other harmful bacteria in the water, reduce the occurrence of fish diseases, but also increase the production of fertilizer and fish, and improve the economic benefits of breeding.
4. Sprinkle lime water regularly. Sprinkling lime can not only regulate the pH of the water, but also kill harmful bacteria in the water. It can also make the sludge release inorganic salts and increase the water's fatness. Generally during the breeding period every two weeks or so splashed once, the amount of water per mu per meter is 20--30kg.
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