The control method of fruit cane mosaic disease

(I) The pathogen of pathogenic mosaic virus is rod-shaped, the lethal temperature is 45-70°C, and the in vitro survival period is about 2 days. It varies with different strains. To date, 14 mosaic virus strains (A to N) have been found worldwide, and they have mutual protective effects. It is often possible to isolate two strains from the same sugarcane strain. Two virus strains have been reported so far in mainland China, namely A and D strains, and A is the dominant strain. Three strains A, B and D were found in Taiwan Province of China.
Mosaic disease has a wide host range and can harm 24 genera of grasses (10 cultivars and 38 weeds), such as 5 species of sugarcane and some cultivated or wild grasses such as corn and sorghum. Wait.
The disease is a systemic infestation disease. After invading the sugarcane plant, it can reach different parts of the whole plant sugarcane. The incubation period of the disease is 2 to 4 weeks, and the fast is 1 week.
(B) symptoms The disease is a systemic infective disease, the virus invade the entire sugarcane plant, resulting in dwarfing cane plants, internode shortening. Different breeds and virus strains have different symptoms after infestation. The main manifestation is the mosaic, which produces many irregular light green or yellowish short stripes parallel to the veins on the leaves. Visible translucent yellow-green stripes are visible on the new leaves. Therefore, the pathological condition of the disease, the new leaves more easily identified than the old leaves, especially at the base of the new leaf symptoms are more pronounced. In the high temperature summer, some varieties will appear "hidden" phenomenon, mosaic symptoms will temporarily disappear.
(C) the incidence of the disease The primary source of infection for the sick cane species. Viruses are transmitted through locusts and 16 locusts have been found to transmit the virus, including cane toads, cockroaches, corn borers, rusted cockroaches, and peach aphid, which are non-persistent. Mechanical friction can also be contagious. Cane cutters that pass through diseased cane can spread the virus to healthy cane varieties.
Higher temperatures and less rainfall are conducive to the occurrence and activity of locusts, promote the spread and spread of diseases, and can accelerate the spread of diseases; but too high temperatures can cause both hidden phenomena and locust occurrence. Therefore, mosaic disease occurs more severely in subtropical areas. At the same time, there is a certain relationship between the occurrence of intermediate parasitism and the severity of this disease. Generally there are more weeds or in the sugarcane fields of sorghum and maize, and the disease occurs seriously.
(4) Control measures
1. The use of disease-free seedlings is the first source of transmission of the disease, and the selection of disease-free seedlings can reduce the incidence of this disease. At present, disease-free sugarcane can be obtained through the following four ways. 1 In vitro stem detoxification culture combined with heat treatment can remove fruit cane mosaic virus, so as to obtain disease-free, non-toxic healthy species of cane. Fruit cane, stem and bud can be treated with warm water at 52°C for half an hour to kill most viruses and pathogens that are parasitic on the sugarcane sprouts. It can be cultivated at a temperature of 37-40°C for 10-15 days to promote rapid growth and extension of the sugarcane sprouts. Long, it can resist the growth and spread of viruses or pathogens. Under aseptic conditions, shoot apical meristems (2 mm) were cut and cultured either liquid or solid to obtain healthy tissue culture seedlings. At present, this detoxification technology has been widely used in production and can increase fruit production by 20% to 40%. According to the report of the Taiwan Sugar Research Institute in 1991, the use of Badila's health deterrence plant can increase the plant height by more than 60 cm. The internode period is as long as 27 cm, and the yield can be increased by more than 2 tons per mu. 2 cane seed soup treatment. The treatment was performed once every other day for 20 minutes for 3 times. The temperature was 52°C for the first time and 57.3°C for the 2nd and 3rd times, which eliminated the virus without harming the sugarcane sprouts. 3 hot water treatment. Soaking seeds in 50°C hot water for 2 hours or soaking in 52°C hot water for 0.5 hours can kill most of the viruses and pathogens that are parasitic on the sugarcane sprouts. However, because of the large volume of fruit sugarcane seedlings, the water temperature dropped into the water rapidly declines, which makes it difficult to grasp the temperature and treatment time. Therefore, the treatment effect is not stable, and the sugarcane buds are easily damaged, which has a greater impact on germination. 4 hot air treatment. With electric drum incubator, temperature control in 54 ~ 58 °C, 8 hours treatment, this method is small damage to the sugarcane bud, but because of a long time, seedlings are prone to water loss, so this treatment is best to use full stem seedlings.
2. Elimination of sources of infection, avoidance of control of worms, and chemical control, such as the use of 40% Dimethoate EC 1000 times, 50% ACV WP 3000 times; when cutting cane species, avoid mechanical transmission; In addition to old dead leaves, improve ventilation and light conditions in the field.
3. To strengthen the cultivation and management of timely removal of diseased plants, reduce the virus source; timely weeding; destroy the intermediate host, such as corn, sorghum and other grasses.
4. Establish first- and second-level healthy seed-breeding bases First-grade seed-breeding bases The seed cane should be obtained from healthy, high-purity sugarcane plants, detoxified by qualified heat treatment or tissue culture, and appropriately controlled for ineffective delivery. Stem rate; The species of sugarcane harvested from primary breeding bases should not be sold directly as commodity cane, but should all be entered into the secondary healthy seedling breeding base, and then fed from the secondary healthy seedling breeding base. In the first and second-level healthy seedling breeding bases, strict guardianship should be carried out. It is advisable to have protective measures (such as insect-repellent nets), and to minimize mechanical transmission of the virus, and to remove diseased plants in time.

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