First, the choice of species. The main exporter of onion in China is Japan. The export of onion is generally selected from yellow varieties, or directly provided by foreign companies. Now the popular onion varieties in the Japanese market are Oupihuang (OP yellow), Hongye No. 3, Hibiscus No. 6, Huangpi 4 No. Second, seedbed selection. Nursery beds should be selected for higher groundwater, convenient drainage and irrigation, loose and fertile soil, 2-3 years without planting onion crops, 3,000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre seedbed, 25 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and shallow cultivation.耙 耙 耙 耙 耙 耙 耙 耙 耙 耙 耙 耙 耙 耙 耙 耙 耙 耙 耙. The ratio of seedbeds to Daejeon is 1:15. Third, the appropriate sowing. Onions are generally grown in the fall, transplanted before winter, and harvested on spring and summer in the following year. Early and late sowing in the fall has a great impact on the production and commercial quality of the onion. Early sowing and long growing period before winter, easy to form large seedlings, causing early convulsions through vernalization, affecting yield and quality: sowing too late, lack of growth before winter, weak seedlings, poor cold resistance, vulnerable to freezing, and in the coming year To meet the demand for nutrients due to bulb enlargement, the onion balls produced are small and cannot become commodities. It is advisable to plant seeds in early September in Shandong Province. It is unfavorable to cultivate strong seedlings too early or too late. When planting, it should be sparsely planted so that it can be sowed in bulk. It can also be sown. The seed amount should be 100-150 grams per mu, and the seedbed should be poured before the seeding. After sowing, the seedlings should be covered with 1 cm of nutrient fine soil, covered with coverings to protect the shade, and prevent rainwater from flushing. Fourth, seedling management. Seeding usually takes 7-8 days after sowing, and the cover should be removed when 70% of the seedlings emerge, usually in the evening. Seedlings should be strengthened in management, drought prevention, flood prevention, and grass and plant damage. Soil moisture should not be too large. When the seedlings are yellow and weak, they are combined with watering, applying 5 kg of urea per acre, and using the trichlorfon to control the damage of the onion fly. 50% carbendazim WP 1000 times after 5 days of spraying to prevent seedling disease. V. Site preparation. Onion bogey weight, planting land per acre Shi organic fertilizer applied 4000-5000 kg, 50 kg of diammonium phosphate, 30 kg of potassium sulfate, mixed and spread on the ground, deep plowing and fine rake, made of flat rake, hoe width according to the mulch It depends on the amplitude. The planting time is generally in early November. Before the planting, the foot water is poured in one time. The grass is sprayed with 33% Shitian Cream to control the weeds. Then the mulch is covered and holes are drilled in the film at a spacing of 15 cm and 15 cm. Planting 20000-22000 plants per acre. When planting, select the seedling age 50-60 days, diameter 0.6-0.8 cm, plant height 20-25 cm, 3-4 true leaves strong seedlings, for grading, the first standard seedlings planted, after planting seedlings. Planting depth should be appropriate, to bury bulbs about 1 cm is better, too deep bulbs are easy to form a spindle-shaped, poor commercial quality, and low yield, over the winter when it is vulnerable to frost damage, watering and easy to "float." Six, field management. When the soil starts to be frozen, it is necessary to pour water once. In the winter in the northern part of the country, it enters deep winter seasons (before and after the winter solstice). In order to avoid freezing damage, a second layer of plastic film is used to cover the seedlings on the basis of a layer of film. Around the pressure and pressure. In the middle and late March of the following year, when onion seedlings turn green, the upper mulching film will be removed and combined with pouring back to Qingshui. Apply 20 kg of urea per acre. In early April, the leaves grow into a flourishing period. At this time, a large amount of fertilizer is required. Apply 20 kg of urea per mu and 20 kg of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer to meet the demand of onion growth for nutrients. From late April to late May, the onion enters the bulb expansion stage, the plants no longer increase, the leaf assimilates transfer to the bulb, and the bulb expands quickly. At this time, onion is also a peak for fertilizer, especially for phosphorus. Increase, combined with water per acre followed by 30 kg of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer or diammonium phosphate, in order to ensure normal bulb expansion. In early June, when onions enter the mature stage, fertilization should be stopped and watering should be gradually reduced. No chemical fertilizer should be applied 20 days before harvest, and watering should be stopped 7-8 days before harvest. VII. Pest control. Onion is susceptible to downy mildew, purple spot, and rust. Downy mildew and purple spot can be controlled by 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution or 64% antivirus 500 times solution spray. Rust is treated with 15% triadimefon 1500-2000 times spray. The last application time of the above three pesticides should be more than 15 days from the harvest. Onion pests mainly include thrips and mantle, thrips are sprayed with 2.5% imidacloprid 2000-3000 times, and mantle is rooted with 1000 times of 90% crystal trichlorfon 1000 times. The above two insecticides are only allowed to be used once during the growth period and should be separated from the harvest by more than 15 days. Eight, timely harvest. When the onion has 2/3 of the plant's pseudo-stem loose, the above ground is lodging, the lower one to two leaves are yellow, the third to four leaves are still green, and when the outer scales of the bulbs are dry, they should choose sunny and timely harvest. The pseudo-stem can be left 2-3 cm at the time of harvest to provide commercial and storage properties of the bulbs. After harvesting, they must be air-dried for 2-3 days. Do not stack them at will and injure the onions, causing rot during the storage period. Nine, export standards and processing methods. Qualified onions should have the shape and color of the species. Solid bulbs, no ball-breaking, no mildew or convulsions, no pest damage, moderate sheath and root resection, thin skin without falling off, moderate dryness, no sand and other foreign matter attached, diameter over 8cm, or according to foreign requirements Grading.
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