1. Selection of disease-resistant varieties is an effective method for controlling yam pests and diseases. When planting disease-resistant varieties, they should be rationally laid out, and they should be rotated every 2 to 3 years, and attention should be paid to the purification and rejuvenation of varieties.
2. Implement rotation to reduce or avoid stalk rot and root knot nematode damage. The non-infested crops such as peanuts, corn, radish, and watermelons should be cropped at least once every three years; the old districts where yam is cultivated all year round should be rotated at least once a year; in the case of irrigated land, it is best to use paddy crop rotations.
3, fine soil preparation, direct elimination of pathogenic bacteria in winter soil. Select high-desert, low-humidity, low-lying, fertile sandy loam, and prepare for autumn land preparations, which can dump the remains left on the ground into the soil, accelerate the decomposition and decay of the diseased bodies, and cause some pathogens to lose their vitality through the winter sun and spring drying. .
4, rational fertilization, irrigation. Yam is a hi-fertilizer crop and must be treated with organic fertilizer. The general application of phosphorus and potash fertilizers is beneficial to the formation of yam machinery and enhances the ability to resist pathogens. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer can easily lead to plant growth, stem and leaf tissue soft, easy to get yam anthrax. The principle of watering is to “do not drip or dripâ€. When pouring water, use clean water. Be sure to pour water through the fields. There should be no accumulation of water in the fields. The rainy season should be drained in time to prevent root rot.
Second, chemical prevention
1, yam anthracnose, gray leaf spot, brown spot, etc., harm stems and leaves, resulting in stems withered, fallen leaves. Control methods: Seed tuber soaked with 1:1:1:50 solution for 10 minutes. Qimiao sprayed the first drug with 50% carbendazim 600 times and sprayed it 10 days later. From July to August, the onset of disease was found to be 25% per mus of 40-60 ml of chlordiachlor emulsifiable concentrate, or 75% of the enemy to stabilize 15 grams per acre, watered 20-30 kilos, depending on the severity of the disease, spraying 2 to 4 times, alternating spray . Each interval of 8 to 10 days, after the rain should be filled with liquid spray.
2. Dwarfing of plants caused by short-circuit nematode disease occurs when the whole plant is yellow and dead; tuberculosis suffers from small-sized tumors, affecting yield and quality. Control method: Before the sowing, the pesticide treatment of the soil, with 5% gram of phosphorus granules per acre 5 kg wet soil mix 100 kg, ditch evenly spread on both sides of seed potato, or in conjunction with the site evenly spread, burial 25 ~ 30 cm.
3, bite to eat tubers. With soil treatment to control, available 50% phoxim per acre 250-300ml, add 25 kg of fine soil scattered into the ridge after the application immediately into the 20cm soil layer, and then sowing yam species.
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