Abstract: This paper introduces a detection system that uses Hetai HT46R54 as the core of the controller and uses screen-printed enzyme electrode test paper as a test biosensor to quickly and accurately determine blood glucose concentration. Developed hand-held blood glucose meter, simple operation, user interface is convenient and friendly, blood collection is small (less than 3μl), test time is short (the whole test process only takes 5s), it is very suitable for diabetics to implement blood glucose test at home. The hardware, software design and blood glucose measurement results of the measuring instrument are given.
I. Introduction
The total number of people with diabetes in China has exceeded 40 million. Diabetes has become the fourth major chronic disease after cancer, heart and cerebrovascular diseases. According to statistical analysis of medical data, 54.5% of diabetic patients died of hemorrhagic heart disease, 11.1% died of cerebrovascular disease, 7.2% died of renal failure, and others caused complications such as blindness and amputation, which seriously threatened the healthy life of patients. With the popularization of diabetes knowledge in recent years, the demand for quality of life for patients has increased, and the demand for products such as handheld home blood glucose meters is increasing year by year. However, due to the high price of imported products, China's current annual self-glycemic diagnostic test market supplies consume less than 1 billion yuan. Medicare and social welfare expenditures are suffering from a large number of diabetics who suffer from complications caused by long-term blood glucose monitoring, and must bear a huge burden of intensive care and surgery. The development and popularization of hand-held home blood glucose meters will greatly slow down the patient's complications, and thus achieve the purpose of diabetes control, treatment and even rehabilitation.
Second, the principle of blood glucose testing
The blood glucose concentration measurement in this paper is to prepare the enzyme electrode test paper by screen printing method, and collect about 3μl of finger blood, which means that the glucose in the blood reacts rapidly with the oxidase on the electrode surface to generate oxidation current, and the blood sample response is detected under the control of the single chip microcomputer. The magnitude of the current, which is used to calculate an accurate blood glucose concentration value.
The screen printing enzyme electrode test paper used in the blood glucose tester is shown in FIG. The working principle of the enzyme electrode test paper is as follows: the detector applies a constant voltage such as 300 mV at both ends of the screen printing electrode inserted into the instrument. When the blood sample (3 μl) is inhaled into the working area of ​​the electrode, the glucose oxidase in the working area and the blood sample Glucose undergoes redox reactions. After a rapid biochemical reaction (about 5 s), the response current of the enzyme electrode test paper is between 0.6 and 10 μA, which is linear with the glucose concentration in the blood sample.
Third, the system structure
The hardware circuit of the home blood glucose meter is mainly composed of Hetai HT46R54 single-chip microcomputer and some peripheral circuit modules. The peripheral modules mainly include constant potential excitation, button detection, low-power power supply, power supply voltage detection module, liquid crystal display driver, clock and 
Wait.
1, HT46R54 microcontroller
Hetai HT46R54 MCU is an 8-bit high-performance reduced instruction set MCU with relatively high integration and relatively high integration. It has a low-power full-static CMOS design and has its own 8-channel 12-bit A/D converter. /O is flexible, counter and oscillation type can be selected, with pulse width modulation function, pause and wake-up function, watchdog timer, buzzer output, etc., which realizes small size, full function, convenient use, etc. Products that require A/D conversion, such as sensor signal input, chargers, motor control, industrial control, consumer products, subsystem controllers, handheld home medical electronics, and more. The pin arrangement of HT46R54 MCU is shown in Figure 2. The pin functions are shown in Table 1. It can be seen from the pin arrangement that the HT46R54 is a full-featured compact MCU with eight 12-bit A/D converters, eliminating the need for external A/D converter chips due to insufficient A/D conversion accuracy. Trouble, at the same time, it also has most of the measurement and control modules, reducing the setting of peripheral circuits and ensuring the high reliability of the instrument.
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