Low pressure superficial irrigation technology question and answer. (National patent, needle irrigation system)
I. Why is the low-pressure superficial "infiltrant" excellent in anti-clogging?
The infiltrator and the water chute are sealed inside the infiltration needle, and are not easily blocked by the sediment from the outside, and the needle is directly inserted into the ground to be watered at 2 cm, and the drip irrigation dripper overcomes the evaporation of moisture, forms scale, and blocks the water. hole. Even if accidental clogging occurs accidentally, the needle can be immediately removed and the dirt in the water tank can be removed and repaired within two seconds. It does not require strict purification of water, and is particularly suitable for use in western regions where water quality is high and mineralization is easy and fouling is blocked.
Second, why is the low-pressure superficial infiltration device the product with the highest water-saving rate of the existing water-saving equipment?
Sprinkler irrigation is about 50% less than irrigation. Drip irrigation saves about 40% of water compared to irrigation. However, the common disadvantage of these three types of irrigation is that when water is poured, the water seeps through the ground, forming many capillaries in the upper layer of the soil, and a large amount of water will evaporate out of the capillary tube as soon as possible. Underground deep-seated irrigation and water saving are also less than the equipment, and water and fertilizers are applied in deeper soils during deep subsurface irrigation, and it is easy to guide the growth of the roots of the crops to the deep and barren soil. The upper fertile high-quality soil cannot be well utilized. . The superficial seepage irrigation will directly transport the water to the crops under the pocket, the surface is basically dry, each irrigation 2 ~ 4m3 per acre, flood irrigation irrigation more than 60m3 per mu, more than 90% of the flood irrigation. And general greenhouse crops, each watering a few tens of milliliters per day is enough, like watermelon, cucumber and other large water demand, the daily average of a few hundred milliliters is enough. Compared with drip irrigation, the amount of water evaporated in the air and the surface is reduced, which is comparable to drip irrigation saving 30% - 40%.
Third, why is low pressure superficial irrigation applied to crop irrigation in greenhouses to reduce disease and improve crop quality?
The main cause of diseases in greenhouses is high humidity, germs, etc., which can be easily propagated. The use of drip irrigation and other irrigation methods will cause excessive humidity in the greenhouse, causing root nematode disease, gray mold, powdery mildew, keratoses, and black Spot, blight, root rot, soft rot, damping-off, blight, anthracnose, symptomomy, watermelon and watermelon blight, scab, brown spot, streak, pepper, tomato , Squash virus disease, purple spot, snake eye disease, strawberry gray mold, cucumber downy mildew, watermelon leaves and other diseases. However, low-pressure superficial irrigation reduces the surface evaporation of the soil. It can ensure the water needed for crop growth without significantly increasing the humidity in the greenhouse. Effective control of the occurrence of these diseases and good technical mastery can reduce the use of pesticides by more than 50%, and at the same time greatly reduce the pesticide residues in crops, which can effectively ensure the production of green and pollution-free agricultural products.
Fourth, why the low-pressure superficial irrigation can reduce greenhouse moisture, increase greenhouse temperature?
The underground temperature in the greenhouse is high, and the temperature on the greenhouse film is the lowest. This is like boiling water. The water temperature in the lower part of the pan is high, the water evaporates out, the temperature of the lid is low, the steam condenses on the lid, and the heat inside the pan Passed outside the pot. Reduce the temperature in the pot. Immersion needles are inserted into the soil of the roots of crops to infiltrate 2 cm. The soil surface is relatively dry, which can reduce the humidity inside the greenhouse to about 30%. It is also possible to reduce the humidity to below 70% in high-humidity areas, and according to crops. Growth requires the effective regulation of water consumption and control of the humidity in the greenhouse to the required value. In addition, while reducing the humidity in the greenhouse, it reduces the evaporation of surface moisture and the heat loss caused by moisture condensation in the greenhouse film, which increases the temperature in the greenhouse by an average of 2 to 3°C, making the crop 1–7 days earlier and increasing production by 20 to 30%.
V. Why does low-pressure superficial percolation increase production and income?
As mentioned above, superficial low-pressure infiltration irrigation can effectively reduce the humidity in the greenhouse and reduce diseases; it can increase the temperature in the greenhouse to make the crop 1–7 days earlier and increase production by 20–30%; it can significantly increase crop yields and increase farmer’s income. .
Six, why low pressure superficial irrigation can save fertilizer?
Fertilizing in the traditional way, fertilizer utilization is only 30%. Low-pressure superficial percolation fertilization dissolves soluble fertilizers in water and penetrates the soil with water. The fertilizer of the plant is directly and accurately transported to the roots of the crops with less water. This is more conducive to crops through the dialysis, conversion and other ways to enter the cell membrane plant roots until the plant body, while saving water, but also greatly improve the utilization of fertilizer. Save over 50% of chemical fertilizers and protect soil structure.
In addition, root nematode disease can also be prevented. The commonly used chemical fertilizers generally make the soil acidic after hydrolysis, while the acidic soils are particularly suitable for the growth of root nematodes-based bacteria. Precise irrigation with point-to-point can not only save more than 50% of fertilizer, but also reduce the destruction of soil structure by chemical fertilizers. Destroys the growth environment of pathogens such as root nematodes.
Seven, why low pressure superficial irrigation energy?
With superficial low-pressure infiltration, the working pressure of the equipment can be as long as 2 to 10 meters of water column (or lower) to meet the product watering, and the power consumption per acre of irrigation is much less than 0.5 degrees. Drip irrigation requires higher pressure, and the energy consumption during irrigation is several times that of superficial low pressure infiltration.
VIII. Why does low pressure superficial irrigation prevent soil compaction?
The aggregate structure of soil is an important indicator of soil fertility. The destruction of soil aggregate structure will cause soil water conservation, fertilizer retention capacity and permeability to decrease, resulting in soil compaction. The cations in the soil consist mainly of divalent calcium and magnesium ions. When too much phosphorus fertilizer is applied to the soil, the phosphate ions in the phosphate fertilizer combine with calcium, magnesium and other cations in the soil to form insoluble phosphates. The waste of phosphate fertilizer also destroys the structure of soil aggregates and results in soil compaction. When K fertilizer is applied to the soil in excess, the potassium ion in the K fertilizer is particularly strong, and the polyvalent cation that forms the soil aggregate structure can be replaced, and the monovalent potassium ion does not have a “bond bridge†effect, and the soil aggregate structure is When the "key bridge" was destroyed, the structure of the pellet was destroyed and the soil was hardened. If point-to-point pressure superficial seepage irrigation is used, the amount of fertilizer will be greatly reduced, and the destruction of soil aggregate structure during irrigation will be reduced accordingly.
If low-pressure superficial irrigation is used, the amount of fertilizer will be greatly reduced, and the damage to the soil aggregate structure will be reduced accordingly during the irrigation process. To make long-term sustainable use of cultivated land.
Nine, why low pressure superficial irrigation can save labor?
A one-time low-pressure superficial percolation device is installed in the field, and the switch can be irrigated by turning on the switch until the crop is harvested, saving 70% of the labor for irrigation. Because low-pressure infiltration directly applies water to the roots of crops, only crops can absorb moisture, while other weeds and other plants can inhibit growth because there is no water, which can save a large amount of weeding labor or reduce the amount of herbicides. In addition, soluble fertilizers can be dissolved in water, and fertilization is also completed during irrigation.
X. Why do we need to reduce the amount of fertilizer fertilizer in low pressure superficial irrigation?
Traditional methods of fertilization, poor crop absorption, the use of the product, as long as 1-4m3 per acre per water, fertilizer and other dissolved in the water, compared with the traditional fertilization, the general use of fertilizer to meet the expert recommended fertilizer concentration is sufficient Only 20% of the original amount of fertilizer is enough to control it. The fertilizer is very obvious. If applied according to the average amount of mu, it will burn the crop.
XI. Why can't you water too much in a greenhouse?
Too much water in the shed will cause water to flow in the soil and it will be easy for a crop to infect a pathogen and then infect a single crop with water flow. Precise watering from point to point will effectively avoid the possibility of infection and prevent the cross infection between crops. Root nematode disease is listed as follows: Root nematodes can only move 1mm per day, and flood irrigation can spread germs along with water to spread over large areas. Using point-to-point precision irrigation can prevent root nematode infections caused by surface water flow.
Because of the high geothermal temperature, the water in the soil will evaporate, form water droplets on the shed film, and fall down again, causing the humidity in the shed to be too high. Moreover, the water evaporation process is an endothermic process, which will cause the temperature inside the shed. reduce. When percolation is applied, only the water demand of the crop is guaranteed, and the soil in other places is relatively dry, which is conducive to reducing the humidity in the greenhouse. If too much water is used, this effect cannot be achieved. General greenhouse crops, each plant a few tens of milliliters per day, like watermelons, cucumbers and other large water demand, the daily average of a few hundred milliliters will be fine.
Greenhouse strawberries and watermelons should not be first filled with water, and the osmotic irrigation needles should be inserted beside the strawberry or watermelon roots, and then the mulch film should be covered so that the whole infiltrating irrigation system can be covered under the membrane. According to the growth needs, real-time and appropriate amount of water can be provided, so that the humidity in the entire shed is greatly reduced. The temperature of the greenhouse also increased accordingly, which can reduce the disease of strawberry and mature 2 to 7 days in advance.
Twelve, why does the low-pressure superficial percolation partially water the crops under the pockets of the crops and the crops grow better?
Artificial conditions such as deep plowing, irrigation, and fertilization can also cause changes in the root system. The growth of crop roots tends to be water-prone, where there is water, where the roots go, long-term fixed-point seepage irrigation, the more developed the root system of the crops around the percolation point, can absorb water and nutrients well, and ensure the demand of crops. The roots of crops also need to breathe. A lot of irrigation will cause crops to suffer from normal oxygen due to lack of oxygen. At the same time, they will produce anaerobic respiration and accumulate alcohol. As a result, cells will become poisoned and crops will not grow well. In general, flooding and filling a crop should be closed for three days and the growth should stop. Farmers' friends should change the traditional habit of perfusing.
XIII. Why does low pressure superficial irrigation increase land use efficiency?
Planting greenhouse vegetables, due to high humidity in the greenhouse, prone to soil-borne diseases, combined with irrigation to form runoff in the ground, so that bacteria spread in the soil, each one or two vegetables, we must fallow and reduce disease, reduce the multiple cropping index (utilization rate) .
Using low-pressure superficial irrigation, because of low humidity, low pathogen density, planting in greenhouses does not require fallow cultivation and disease prevention, can improve land utilization; some crop diseases are serious, often in a season, we must change places, after using the equipment can be multiplexed One or more quarters, reduce the cost of new sheds.
From the water outlet pipelines to the field's seepage irrigation belt, a dense network is formed, and the lands in which the land is formed no longer need to be repaired, harrowed and trenched, and the average land utilization rate is increased by 5%-7%.
XIV. Why is the utilization rate of soil fertility in low pressure superficial irrigation?
Overcoming the problem of infiltration of water and fertilizers into the depths of the ground caused by the deep underground infiltration of water, which can guide the growth of the roots of the crops to the upper layers, making full use of the fertile upper layer of soil and increasing the yield of the crops.
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