The sweet potato varieties used in good varieties need not only high yield, good quality, but also early maturing, and it is best to use medium and short vine varieties to facilitate field management and mechanized cultivation. The general starch type can choose Meiying No.1, Xushu No.18, Shangshu No.19, etc., and the fresh food type can choose Beijing 553 and so on. To use detoxified seedlings.
Although sweet potatoes are well-tolerated and have good adaptability, the selection of sweet potatoes requires good soil and loose soil, deep soil, good fertility, lots of organic matter, good ventilation, and good drainage, which is conducive to the expansion of tubers. Sand or sandy loam is suitable. At the same time, deep plowing 25 to 30 centimeters during site preparation.
Good potato ridge ridge cultivation is conducive to tuber enlargement and drought resistance. The method of single row planting on ridges is generally used. Rigging principle: The soil with strong water retention capacity should be high and slightly narrow; the soil with weak water retention capacity should be low and slightly wider.
Good planting standards for potato seedlings and sweet potatoes: The leaves are large and thick green, and the internodes are short and uniform. The seedlings are tall and straight, strong and free of pests and diseases, and the seedling height is about 21 cm. The planting methods include oblique insertion and horizontal insertion. The horizontal insertion is better. The planting depth is 4 to 5 cm (sand soil should be deeper and the clay should be shallower). When planting, the seedlings are planted and the seedlings can be taken after the dew has dried in the morning. The potato seedlings are immersed in 3 to 5 knots, and the cover soil is compacted after planting, and the roots are filled with water. 3 to 4 days after planting seedlings, fill seedlings to ensure that the whole seedlings.
To control the water-tolerant sweet potato tolerant to drought and drought, its growth period needs water law: less water is needed in the early stage, more water is required in the middle period, and less water is required in the later period. There is more rain in the summer, so do the rain and ditch. In case of drought, it should be watered in time. In the late stage of sweet potato growth, the soil moisture should be kept at 60% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field. In case of Qiuyu, it must be drained in time, and there should be no clear water in the field.
To apply fertilizer, high-quality nutrient-fertilizing methods based on organic fertilizer and supplemented by chemical fertilizers should be adopted. Fertilizers were applied in three separate batches at intervals of 15 days. For the first time, 15 days after planting, 800-1000 kg of diluted human fecal urine is applied per acre, and 2-4 kg of urea is applied to promote the development of potato shoots. Poor fertility or drought can be advanced to 10 days after planting. The second time after planting, 30 days after planting, after cultivating and weeding, apply 1,000 to 1,300 kilograms of diluted human fecal urine per acre, apply 4 to 6 kg of urea, apply multiple plants, and use large plants and plants to promote balanced growth. Grow. In the same way, early application of fertility or drought, and fertilization of soils should be less to facilitate the growth of strong potatoes. The third time was carried out 45 days after planting. The fertilizer should be re-applied with 2500-3000 kg of diluted human fecal urine per mu and 10-15 kg of chemical fertilizer with high potassium content. Tubers inflated.
Focus on the management of tillage weeding: sweet potato can be cultivated 2 to 4 times during the whole growth period, generally after 10 days of planting can begin cultivator till the end of ridge closure. The principle of cultivator is that the first pass should be shallow, the second pass should be deep, and the second and later pass should be shallow, the ridges and furrows should be deep, and the ridge should be shallow and shallow. Lifting vines: In order to restrain stems and leaves from being long and prevent the vines from forming adventitious roots or forming small yam ribs, the nutrients must be fed to the yam. The vines should be treated differently according to the actual situation. For those with few adventitious roots and good air permeability in the fields, it is not necessary to mention vines. However, the fields with high humidity and closed canopies should be promptly raised. In the late growth stage, fertilization: In the middle and late September, 2% to 3% of superphosphate solution, 0.5% sodium borate, 0.1% sweet potato expansion, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 5% ash solution can be sprayed. .
We must use various methods to cure diseases and insect pests, and do a good job of comprehensive prevention and control. Pay attention to the selection of virus-free sweet potato seedlings that are resistant to disease and strong in stress resistance. Implementation of crop rotation, especially rice and paddy crop rotation, can prevent pests and diseases, but also improve the quality of sweet potatoes. Treatment of seed potatoes or seedlings with carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl and other pesticides can prevent black-spotting and soft-rotation of sweet potatoes during seedling and seedling stage. Alternating application of trichlorfon, beta cypermethrin, etc. can control aphids, Spodoptera litura and other pests.
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