Garden Culture Technology

The Lunar New Year Eel, also known as the starfish or seven-star fish, is a unique and highly valued aquatic species. Its meat is tender and flavorful, making it a popular choice in many cuisines. In addition to its delicious taste, it offers various health benefits, including strengthening the body, improving blood circulation, promoting diuresis, and enhancing overall wellness. Due to these properties, it has gained significant attention in recent years, with market prices steadily increasing. One of the most remarkable features of this fish is its ability to adapt to different environments, thanks to its specialized respiratory organs located on the iliac crest. This allows it to survive in a wide range of conditions, making it ideal for small-scale aquaculture. It can be easily raised in backyard ponds, courtyards, or even small water bodies near homes, without requiring complex breeding setups. This species is a cold-water fish that can survive in temperatures ranging from 1°C to 38°C. It thrives best when the water temperature is between 14°C and 30°C, with an optimal growth range of 15°C to 25°C. The Lunar New Year Eel is known for its secretive behavior, such as hiding, digging holes, burrowing, and clustering together. It is an omnivorous fish, feeding mainly on animal-based food sources like small fish, shrimp, snails, and worms. Sexual maturity is reached after two winter seasons, and it can spawn multiple times a year, typically from April to August. The ideal spawning temperature ranges from 18°C to 28°C. Breeding involves pairing, nest-building, and parental care. For artificial breeding, fish must first be paired before being induced to spawn using oxytocin. Once eggs are laid, incubation and seedling cultivation can follow standard fish-rearing techniques. To successfully raise this species, the following breeding techniques are recommended: 1. **Pond Construction**: A suitable pond should be built with an area ranging from 20 to 500 square meters and a depth of about 2 meters. Both earthen and concrete ponds can be used. It's essential to ensure the pond is leak-proof, secure against escape, and protected from theft. To prevent the fish from jumping out, the water level should not exceed 0.6 meters below the top of the pond wall. The water depth should be maintained between 1 and 1.2 meters. At the bottom of the pond, items like bamboo tubes, bricks, jars, or barrels should be placed to provide hiding spots. In concrete tanks, a layer of 10–20 cm of mud should be added at the bottom to avoid damaging the fish. For smaller ponds under 200 square meters, water hyacinth can be introduced to cover about 10% of the surface area to help regulate water quality. For larger ponds, 10–20 fish weighing around 50 grams each can be added to assist with water management. Water sources should be clean, such as rivers, ponds, or wells, and tap water should be left to stand for 2–3 hours before use. 2. **Stocking**: Before stocking, the pond should be disinfected. After 5–7 days, the water can be fertilized, and once the chemicals have fully dissipated, the fish can be safely introduced. Stocking density depends on water quality and management practices. Fish should be soaked in a 2% saltwater solution for 10–15 minutes before being placed into the pond. 3. **Feeding and Management**: Artificially raised Lunar New Year Eels can be fed with a mix of fresh or frozen animal-based foods like fish, shrimp, snails, quail meat, larvae, and earthworms. Commercial feed with a crude protein content above 40% can also be used, either alone or mixed with natural feed. The daily feeding amount should be 3–8% of the fish’s body weight. Feeding should be done at regular intervals, in specific locations, and in consistent quantities, adjusting based on water temperature and the fish's eating habits. Daily management includes monitoring the pond, adding fresh water regularly, preventing water quality degradation, and ensuring no fish escape or are stolen. 4. **Disease Prevention and Treatment**: Although the Lunar New Year Eel is generally resistant to disease, poor management in high-density farming can lead to issues like ulcers, fungal infections, and parasitic diseases. Preventive measures are crucial. Maintaining good water quality is key. Regular treatments with 20 ppm of quicklime or 1 ppm of bleaching powder can help prevent bacterial infections. Additionally, applying 0.5 ppm of crystal trichlorfon (90%) or 0.7 ppm of copper sulfate solution can help control parasites. By following these methods, breeders can successfully raise this unique and valuable fish, ensuring both economic returns and environmental sustainability.

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