The experienced vegetable growers know that the growth and development of winter spring 茬 eggplant should go through the low temperature stage and the late high temperature stage of the early spring, which is difficult to cultivate and requires high cultivation management techniques. Huinong.com Xiaobian is now sharing the cultivation techniques of winter greenhouse and eggplant in the solar greenhouse!
First, timely sowing, cultivating strong seedlings
During the winter and spring eggplant seedlings, the weather gradually turns cold and the temperature changes drastically. The strict management of temperature can cultivate strong seedlings. Special attention should be paid to prevent night temperature from being too high. It takes about 90 days from sowing to planting. According to incomplete statistics, in the spring of 2016, the cultivation of eggplant solar greenhouse in Daxing District was planted in mid-to-late February. The calendar seedling age was 80-90 days, and the sowing date was mostly in the first half of December of the previous year (source: Beijing Agricultural Bureau).
Second, land preparation, planting
Eggplant is a vegetable crop that continues to be fruit-harvested and continuously harvested. The yield is high and the amount of growth is large. For each 1000 kg of fruit, about 3.3 kg of nitrogen, 5.1 kg of potassium and 0.5 kg of phosphorus are required. Eggplant is a kind of fat-tolerant vegetable, and the growth result is long. Therefore, it is necessary to apply fertilizer several times to ensure the increase of yield.
1. Site preparation
According to the high yielding experience of 35,000 jin per mu in Daxing area, sufficient organic fertilizer should be applied during land preparation. It is recommended to apply 2-3 tons of commercial organic fertilizer per acre or 6-8 square meters of farmyard manure. After 30cm of soil, the planting of the ditch is carried out. 10-15 kg of urea, 15-20 kg of superphosphate, 15-20 kg of potassium sulfate or low-phosphorus formula (18-7-20) 35-40 kg are applied to the planting ditch. .
After the greenhouse is disinfected, a deep turn is made, the depth is 30-40 cm, and after flattening, the fertilizer is applied according to the dose of the base fertilizer. After fertilizing, turn over 30 cm, mix well and then simmer. In order to reduce the mutual shading between the plants, it is necessary to make the cultivation of the north-south extension, and in order to reduce the relative humidity of the air and increase the ground temperature, the following two cultivation styles are recommended in the production of this mouth:
Table top sorghum: suitable for plots with drip irrigation conditions, the height is 15-20 cm, the upper width is 90-100 cm, and the bottom width is 110 cm.
Schematic diagram of the desktop sorghum operation mode:
瓦 畦 畦: ridge cultivation, ditch depth 15 cm, large row spacing 80-90 cm, small row spacing 50-60 cm ridge, open a small ditch 8-10 cm deep in the center of the face, forming 2 on the face The ridges are ridged in a row, the spacing between the rafts is 50-70 cm, and the spacing between the two rafts is 70-90 cm.
Schematic diagram of the ridges and ridges:
Appropriate planting period: The suitable planting period in Daxing area is mid-to-late February.
2, colonization technology
(1) Pre-determination ostomy: Pour the bottom water before planting to ensure the bottom sputum. When the field can be operated, choose the sunny day to plant.
(2) Disinfection of seedlings: On the day before planting, the seedbed is sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil WP 800 times or 50% carbendazim WP 1000 times.
(3) Selection of seedlings: When planting, the seedlings are preliminarily graded according to the degree of robustness. The strong seedlings are planted on both sides of the greenhouse and in front of the greenhouse, and the weak seedlings are set in the middle of the greenhouse.
(4) Colonization technology: The suitable physiological seedling age for colonization is 5-6 true leaves, which are planted by size and size. The recommended planting density is 1700-2000 plants/mu. In the case of the above-mentioned width, the planting distance is 40- 60cm. Do not plant the planting too deep, it is appropriate to level the face with the face, ensure that the graft healing is located above the ground, and plant the water after planting.
Third, the field management after planting
1. Slow seedling period
After planting, it enters the slow seedling stage. Generally, seedlings can be slowed down for 5-7 days. This stage is mainly based on temperature management and cultivating loose soil, and does not involve farming operations such as watering and topdressing.
(1) Temperature management
After the planting of winter and spring, the slow seedling period is located in the low temperature and low light period. The management is mainly based on “promotingâ€, without opening the air inlet, maintaining a high shed temperature, the daytime temperature is maintained at 28-30°C, and the nighttime is 15-18°C. To promote slow seedlings. When the maximum temperature of the growing point of the plant reaches 35 °C during the day, the top air outlet can be cooled and cooled. When the temperature drops to 30 °C, the air outlet is closed; generally 5-7 days of seedlings can slow down the seedling to survive.
(2) Soil management
During the slow seedling period, shallow cultivating should be carried out twice to protect the earthworm, increase the ground temperature, promote the slow seedling, and the depth of the cultivating is about 10cm.
2, after the slow seedling to the eye
After the seedlings are slowed down, if the soil is dry, the seedling water can be lightly poured and then enter the seedling stage. The temperature management in the seedling stage should be based on “controlâ€, and the daytime temperature should be controlled at 28-30°C. In order to increase the indoor temperature accumulation, no heat can be ventilated at noon for 32-35°C, and ventilation should be lower than 35°C. Maintain at 18-20 ° C, the minimum can be maintained at 12-15 ° C for a short period of time, below 10 ° C must take measures to increase insulation or artificial warming; the ground temperature should be maintained above 15 ° C.
In order to promote root growth, the soil should be ploughed 1-2 times during the seedling period.
(3) Fertilizer and water management
After the stalk of 60% of the plants is “blinkingâ€, the seedlings can be finished, and depending on the sensation and the growth of the plants, it is decided whether or not to pour the fruit water. During the expansion period of the eggplant, 10-15 kg of urea, 5 kg of diammonium and 8-10 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu.
Third, timely harvest
The field management in the harvesting period should focus on the relationship between temperature, light and eggplant growth, and do a good job in water and fertilizer management and pest control. The management of winter and spring eggplant harvesting period is divided into two stages:
1, spring management (rainwater - Xiaoman) late March - mid-May:
From the end of March, the external temperature gradually rose. Taking Beijing as an example, the average temperature rose by 4 °C (the average of 33 years from 1940 to 1972). By the end of March, the eggplant fruit should be promoted. Promote the rapid growth of plants while balancing the relationship between fruits and yields. Because the price of the product is still high at this time, it is an important period for obtaining high efficiency.
2, summer management (after the small full) late May - Lahu:
In the greenhouse, winter and spring eggplant production, after the end of May, in high temperature weather, the greenhouse is prone to high temperature and high humidity conditions. At this stage, we should focus on shading and cooling management, water and fertilizer supply and pest control.
Winter and spring eggplant cultivation is the first early winter seedling, planted in winter and spring, mainly for the off-season of winter and spring vegetables and the May 1 market, with considerable economic benefits. Hui Nongwang Xiaobian suggested that in order to earn more benefits, the first thing is to master the cultivation techniques!
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