1. Variety selection
Early-maturing medium-sized garlic balls are used for the cultivation of green garlic, and white garlic or purple garlic is used for the cultivation of garlic sprouts and garlic heads.
2. Planting garlic
Remove the damaged petals from the bud tip, and select the large and medium-sized ones that are intact and thick as the seed petals; according to the size, the small and flat garlic cloves are used for green garlic cultivation. The following methods can be used to break dormancy, one is to peel the garlic; the other is to soak it in water or 30% human urine for 1 to 2 days; the third is to use low temperature treatment, hoist the garlic cloves into deep well water with gauze and soak for 24 hours, or use cold water After soaking, put it in a cool place, or put it in a refrigerator at 0～4℃ for 1 month. Sow the garlic cloves when the roots are exposed.
3. Sowing at the right time
In Hunan, the planting date for green garlic cultivation can be advanced to late July to late August, or delayed to October for late-maturing varieties. Planting is mostly in mid-August, and green garlic can be harvested from November to December that year; garlic cultivation Sow seeds in mid and late September. Cultivate green garlic, place the garlic cloves on both sides of the planting ditch at a distance of 3 cm, with the seed tip facing upwards, and insert it firmly, 300 kg per 667 square meters;
Cultivate garlic, plant spacing is 9 cm, 667 square meters with 150 kg seed. Sow seeds with flat borders perforated, row in the north-south direction, sow a garlic clove in each hole with the tip slightly exposed, cover with soil 2 cm after sowing, and pat flat. It can also be drilled in shallow trenches according to the row spacing, the trench depth is 6 to 7 cm, the seed petals are inserted into the trench upright, and the soil is covered after sowing and flattened. After inserting garlic, it can also be poured into the planting ditch with decomposed human and animal manure, covered with thin soil, covered with rice straw or wheat stalk, or interplanted with hot cabbage between the ditch rows, which can play a role in shading and cooling.
4. Field management
Sowing garlic in autumn and water once immediately after sowing, and water the second time when it is close to emergence. Water as appropriate after emergence. See the third water for dry watering on the topsoil. After 2 true leaves are grown, the soil is cultivated and loosened. The seedlings are properly squatted. Generally, the soil is cultivated for 3 times. Before the soil is frozen, water overwintering, and cover the border with straw and fallen leaves after irrigation. Protect from cold and frost. After the temperature rises in early spring, combined with watering and ditching of 667 square meters, 1000 to 1500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied.
After the seedlings are overwintering, the daily average temperature is stable and the cold protection facilities are removed in time through 1～2℃. When the soil is frozen, it is cultivated to loosen the soil. After the ground temperature rises, it is poured back into green water, and 2000 kg of decomposed human and livestock manure is applied with the water. Add 50-100 kilograms of cake fertilizer, ditch and apply deeply. Combine cultivating soil loosening and timely weeding. Reapply bolting fertilizer from the end of March to the beginning of April. Apply 2000 kg of decomposed human and livestock manure in a furrow of 667 square meters, and apply it again in the middle and late April. Generally, water once every 8-10 days to keep the soil dry and wet.
During the bolting period, water once every 6 to 7 days, combined with watering and topdressing once decomposed human and animal manure, generally do not use cultivating and weeding during the bolting period. Uproot field weeds in time. Stop watering 3 to 4 days before picking stalks. Keep the soil moist during the bulb swelling period. In early May, after the garlic sprouts are harvested, water is irrigated once, and topdressing fertilizer is applied once. ******Apply in advance to the last watering before pulling the stalks, or spray outside the roots. Apply 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, spray it for the second time every 5 to 7 days, and water once every 4 to 5 days until the garlic is harvested 5 to 7 days before.
5. Soil preparation and fertilization
Avoid continuous cropping of garlic. Choose a plot with high dry terrain, loose and fertile texture, and high organic matter content. After the first stubble is harvested, deep plowing and drying, shallow ploughing for 1 to 2 times. Before soil preparation, apply more than 5,000 kilograms of decomposed soil and miscellaneous fertilizer per 667 square meters, mix 100-150 kilograms of cake fertilizer and 50 kilograms of plant ash into the sowing ditch, and raking shallowly to make the soil and fertilizer fully mixed before making the border.
6. Harvest
Green garlic is sown from August to September and can be harvested from November to December until the next year’s spring warmth, 667 square meters yielding 2000 kg; garlic sprouts are on the market in early summer, harvested when garlic sprouts show 5-7 cm of sheath The method should stop watering 5-7 days before taking the stalks. The temperature is still high after 10 o'clock in the morning. When the garlic stalks just start to stretch out the sheath and make small bends, lift them up vigorously. If it is still difficult to pull out, you can start from the middle of the fake stem. That is to say, use a needle to cut the stalks from the bottom 3 to 4 leaves. When picking the stalks, try to keep the functional leaves, especially the top 1 to 2 leaves; the garlic can be harvested 18-20 days after the garlic stalks are picked.
7. Pest control
Spraying 150-200 ml of Bacillus thuringiensis per 667 square meters, once every 7 days, can effectively kill the larvae of the first to second instar species. Spray 500ml of pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotics and Wuyimycin per 667 square meters, spray with Liuyangmycin or avermectin 2500～3000 times liquid, can control red spiders, mites, leaf miners, and use Streptomyces sulfate 4000 to 5000 times liquid of phytocin or neophytocin can prevent and control garlic bacterial diseases. Use the extracts of onion, loofah and tomato leaves to make pesticides, which can control aphids and red spiders, and use the extracts of Sophora flavescens, Ailanthus altissima and green onion leaves to control aphids.
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