I. Variety Selection Nectarine has a smooth fruitless surface and poor fruit peel toughness. Most varieties are susceptible to cracking and sunburning in the high temperature and humidity conditions in the south. In the south, generally select early maturing and special early maturing varieties, and the best choice is to cultivate the varieties that are not dehiscent or lighter when the fruit is cracked through the southern production practice. We promoted (selected) the special early-maturing varieties Shuguangyouyou, Yanguangyouyou, Zaohongyuxin, Zaohongzhuyouyou, Yanhong11; the early maturing varieties Ruiguang 3, Youhong, Shuanghong and Zhongyoutao 4 , Nectarine No. 5, Yanhong No. 12, Ruiguang No. 22 and other varieties (lines) are entirely suitable for the large-scale development of the southern region.
Second, change the civil engineering park
1. The choice of peach root system in the garden requires large amount of oxygen and is not tolerant. When constructing a garden, a well-drained sandy loam soil or gravel soil should be selected. The PH value of 5-6 is the most suitable, the PH value is less than 4, and the peach is higher than 8. .
2. To improve the cultivation of nectarine in civil engineering parks, we generally choose land above the medium fertility level. If the soil is infertile and the soil structure is poor, the soil must be improved. The improved method is usually to dig planting or planting holes. Planting trench is generally 80-100 cm wide and 60-80 cm deep. It is advisable to line the north and south direction. The base fertilizer is applied deeply, and the base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by fertilizer. Organic fertilizer generally 5000 kg per mu, fertilizer can use multi-element compound fertilizer, usually about 100 kg per acre, apply a layer of organic fertilizer, sprinkle with a layer of chemical fertilizer, and then backfill mature soil, backfill plane above the topsoil plane about 10 cm. If organic fertilizer is lacking, we can use manure weeds, leaves, and the like, and fill in the furrows (grooves) first. The thickness should be 30 cm from the soil surface after compaction, and then wetting with water to wet the manuscript bar, and then chemical fertilizer can be converted into The fertilizer solution is evenly poured on the manuscript. The backfill soil is 10 cm higher than the surface of the topsoil. The backfill soil should use the soil in the tillage layer as much as possible. The time should be more than one month ahead of the planting time, which is conducive to maturity of the base fertilizer. The planting hole is generally 80 cm square and 60 cm deep, and the remaining methods are the same as the planting ditch.
3. Seedling planting 1 Planting density: Generally, 222-333 acres were planted, and 444 acres were planted in the south. We promoted 222 plants per row (31 meter spacing), 278 (row spacing of 2.41 meters), and 333 strains (strains). 21 meters apart) Three densities. The three kinds of density are put into production quickly, the yield in the early stage is high, and the high-yield period is early, and the economic benefit is more than twice as high as that of the sparse planting.
2 Planting time can be planted from autumn deciduous to second spring before germination, but planting after autumn leaves is the best, which is conducive to survival and root growth.
3 Planting methods Take 222 acres per plant as an example. Divide a big nest at a spacing of 1 meter per plant. Cut the roots and twigs of the injured seedlings. Place the seedlings in the nest. The roots are evenly distributed around the roots, and then used finely. Soil will fill the gaps around the root system, on the solid complex soil, so that the root system and soil tightly combined, righting seedlings, planting depth at the root neck is slightly higher than the ground level is appropriate. Immediately after planting, water shall be applied to set the roots, and 15-25 kilograms of water will be applied to each plant. If the soil is dry, it should be poured more, and it is better to sink the soil naturally with water. After the water is poured, the soil is covered and the cover soil can be made into a 20 cm high pot lid shape to prevent the tree pole from shaking. After covering the soil in arid and low-temperature areas, a 1 m2 mulch must also be placed on the tree tray to maintain moisture, raise the temperature, and increase the survival rate of seedlings.
Third, soil and fertilizer water management Closely planted nectarines generally start fruiting the next year and have a certain amount of production. Therefore, the main task of the first year after planting is to expand the crown as much as possible to achieve the desired result. In the early (February-June) period, fertilization uses nitrogen fertilizer and quick-acting phosphorus fertilizer as the main application. It is better to apply it once a month. The amount of fertilizer used is 30 kg of urea per mu and 10 kg of urea. ), pay attention to the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer late, prompting the new shoots mature, in order to facilitate flower bud differentiation. The second year after fertilization should be to increase yield, control the crown, and extend the lifespan of the close-planting garden. The fertilization time is generally applied from October to the beginning of the fall, and it is better in the early part of the month. The fertilization amount should account for the annual fertilization. 60% of the amount, fertilizer type is dominated by organic fertilizers, with appropriate N, P and K fertilizers, 2500 kilograms of livestock and manure per mu, and 100 kg of phosphorus and potassium multi-component fertilizers. Fertilizer can be applied three times a year, usually in the Xiehua, hard nucleus and late fruit development. After fertilization, the amount of fertilizer should not be too large, so as to avoid the growth of new shoots accelerating aggravate physiological fruit drop.
Peach's drought resistance is strong, afraid of embarrassment, generally do not need irrigation, in case of drought in the mountains, in the fruit expansion stage depending on the actual situation of irrigation 1-2 times in the rainy season, pay attention to clean up the drainage ditch, pay attention to the cultivator loose soil after heavy rain, enhanced Soil permeability to meet the requirements of the root growth oxygen demand.
Fourth, the pruning method of pruning and dense planting of nectarine gardens is different from that of digging gardens. Taking 222 plants (31 m) per acre for example, the pruning of “丫†shape is generally adopted, ie, the two main branches are symmetrically shaped. The specific method is:
Using bud seedlings (semi-formed seedlings) or seedlings and colonization, if shoot shoots are used for planting, when the new shoot length reaches 0.7 meters in the year of planting, shoots will be triggered by twisting at a height of 0.6 meters above the ground and the shoots will be perpendicular to the line. Pull it diagonally to an angle of 45o with the ground. At the same time, in the new shoots above 40cm and below 60cm, select a new shoot that grows robustly, develops well and stays diagonal, as the main branch, pick up the core at 50cm and pull it diagonally to make a 45° angle with the ground plane. . All the buds below 40 cm were wiped out, and all other buds remained. When the new one grows up to 20cm, it is picked up and the branch is triggered. The pruning of the main branches is generally performed in summer and autumn, leaving 3-4 lateral branches on each main branch, and the result branches are evenly distributed on the lateral branches, and the result generally leaves 7-9 robust flower buds on the branches. In summer, pruning is usually done in mid-April to remove the buds, remove upper and lower branches, cut slashes, and twins and diseased buds. In mid-May, plucking hearts are carried out. When the cores are taken, the branches are left at 50 cm, the upright branches are left at 20 cm, and the remaining branches are left at 35 cm. Autumn cuts are generally conducted in August, mainly to eliminate the dense and dense branches on the periphery and on the back, to allow air and light transmission, and to promote flower bud differentiation.
If seedlings are planted and planted, the seedlings are planted at a height of 60 cm after the planting. After the germination, the buds below the main trunk of 40 cm are wiped off, and the rest of the shoots retain the triggering branches. However, two strong branches, which are perpendicular to the row, are selected as the main branch. , 50cm to pick up the heart, the rest of the method and shoots colonization is the same.
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